Golden visa

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Portugal Golden Visa Tax Benefits: What Investors Need to Know
Golden visaPortugal Golden Visa Tax Benefits: What Investors Need to Know Portugal’s Golden Visa program provides investors with a real opportunity to enter Portugal, gain permanent residency in this beautiful country, and enjoy tax benefits that have attracted investors for years. In this blog post, we will go over how taxes work for Golden Visa holders, along with everything you need to know as an investor.What is the Portugal Golden Visa?Introduced in 2012, the Portugal Golden Visa, also known as the residence permit for investment activity (ARI), is a residency-by-investment scheme designed for non-EU, non-EEA, and non-Swiss nationals (we mention non-Swiss nationals because, while they are not part of the EU, they have similar rights to live and work in EU countries as EU nationals).It is, to put it simply, a way to obtain residency within the country by making a qualifying investment. It was created to attract international capital into the country. After the economic crisis in 2008, this program was introduced and became a rising success, having raised over €7.5 billion.The visa is valid for two years initially, but is renewable in two-year increments as long as you keep your investment and meet minimal stay requirements. After five years, you can apply for permanent residency or citizenship.Why Investors are Big Fans of the ProgramThe Portugal Golden Visa program has been active for around 13 years and has been favored by investors for several reasons:Access to the Schengen Area: Residency lets you travel freely within most of Europe without additional visas.A Path to Citizenship: Unlike some residency visas, the Golden Visa allows you to apply for Portugal citizenship after 5 years.Low Physical Presence Requirement: You do not have to relocate or completely change your lifestyle, as only minimal physical presence is required.Family Inclusion: Your spouse, dependent children, and, in some cases, dependent parents can be included on the same application.Tax Planning Opportunities: When paired with the right tax status, it can help investors manage or reduce their global tax burden.Portugal is also known for being safe and offering a climate that appeals to many investors. The country has stable governance, a legal system aligned with EU standards, and a high quality of life, making it easy to see why the program is so attractive.How Taxes Work for Golden Visa HoldersSo, let’s get to the matter at hand. Do you pay taxes in Portugal? Whether you will pay taxes in Portugal as a Golden Visa holder depends on one thing: your tax residency status.As a Golden Visa holder, you are not automatically required to pay taxes in Portugal. If you invest and spend limited time in the country, you remain a non-resident and only pay tax in Portugal on the income you earn within its borders.If, however, you spend more than 183 days of the year in Portugal, you will become a tax resident of the nation and will have to pay taxes. The Portuguese taxation system is quite favorable for investors considering relocation.What Triggers Tax Residency?You will become a tax resident of Portugal if you spend more than 183 days in the country during a year, have a permanent home there (even if you spend less time there), or register as a resident with the local authorities.Once tax residency is triggered, Portugal expects you to report and pay tax on your worldwide income, not just local earnings. The Portuguese taxation system can still be advantageous for investors who plan to relocate.On the other hand, as a non-resident, you only need to pay tax on income sourced within Portugal, such as earnings from property or businesses in the country. Your foreign income stays outside Portuguese tax jurisdiction.Tax residents have broader tax obligations, but also may access beneficial tax regimes like IFICI. Non-residents have simpler tax filings but lose out on some benefits. Portugal’s New IFICI Tax Regime Explained (Replaces NHR)The IFICI (Incentive for Scientific, Cultural, and International Investment) tax regime is Portugal’s new scheme that replaced the NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) regime in 2024, also referred to as NHR 2.0. The NHR offered broad tax incentives for up to 10 years, designed to attract foreign investors by providing generous exemptions and flat tax rates on certain foreign and Portuguese income.The IFICI regime is more focused on professionals in scientific research, innovation, technology, and similar fields. While it still offers a 10-year tax incentive period, it is more targeted and comes with stricter eligibility criteria.It provides a flat 20% tax rate on qualifying Portuguese-sourced employment or self-employment income and exemptions on many foreign income types. However, it excludes some benefits from the previous NHR, such as favorable treatment of foreign pensions.How to Apply & Why it Matters for Golden Visa HoldersApplying for IFICI involves going through Portugal’s tax authority. Here’s how to apply:Provide evidence of your professional role, project, or business.Register officially with the Portuguese tax office.Complete the application and submit the required documentation before the annual deadline.For Golden Visa holders, IFICI can be highly advantageous as it lowers personal income tax, offers selective tax exemptions, and may provide better treatment on certain foreign income. This makes it particularly appealing for global investors and professionals earning income digitally.If you plan to invest in fields such as technology, research, or culture, you could benefit significantly from IFICI over the years. However, before basing your entire strategy on it, confirm your eligibility, as rules and interpretations may change.Portugal Golden Visa Tax Benefits for InvestorsWhile not directly designed for tax benefits, the Golden Visa is primarily about residency. When paired with the right tax setup, it can make a notable difference to your finances. Here are the five biggest advantages for investors:No Tax on Foreign Income for Non-residents: Golden Visa holders who do not wish to become tax residents are only taxed on income generated within Portugal. Any income earned outside Portugal is not subject to Portuguese tax.No Wealth Tax: Portugal does not impose a wealth tax on Golden Visa investors, meaning you do not face additional taxation on your global net worth or assets held outside the country.No Inheritance Tax for Close Relatives: There is no inheritance tax on transfers between spouses, descendants, or ascendants. For distant relatives or parties unrelated by birth, only a 10% stamp duty applies.Reduced Property Taxes and Exemptions: Although Portugal closed its real estate investment route for the Golden Visa in October 2024, property taxes (IMI) remain relatively low, generally between 0.3% and 0.8% annually. There are also exemptions based on usage and property location.20% Flat Tax Rate: For those who qualify under the new IFICI regime, a flat 20% tax rate is applied to qualifying Portuguese-sourced employment or self-employment income for up to 10 years.Also, thanks to Double Tax Treaties, residents from countries like the UK, the US, and more can avoid double taxation.Do You Pay Taxes on Your Investment?Naturally, different types of investments fall under different Portuguese tax rules, and your tax bill will be heavily dependent upon which kind of investments you choose to make for your Golden Visa.Real estate investments were the way to go for many investors, but since October 2023, they no longer qualify for the Golden Visa. So, while foreigners may still buy property in Portugal, doing so doesn’t provide any special tax treatment or migration privileges connected to the Golden Visa.However, for reference, had you invested in property before that date, your taxes would include a property transfer tax when buying, an annual property tax called IMI (usually between 0.3% and 0.8%), and rental income taxed at a flat 28%. Some exemptions may reduce this if you become a resident or hold the property long-term.The main route now is via fund investments taken by Golden Visa applicants. You can avoid direct property-related taxes such as the transfer tax and IMI. The payouts from these funds are also often exempted or taxed lightly for non-residents, which makes it a more tax-efficient route.Wealth Tax and Inheritance Tax in PortugalSome good news: Portugal does not have a general wealth tax. Now, with that said, there is an additional tax known as AIMI that applies only to high-value residential properties above €600,000 per individual. This, however, doesn’t affect funds or global assets.As for inheritance tax, Portugal keeps things simple with no inheritance tax between close relatives (spouses, children, and parents), and others might be subject to a 10% stamp duty, but only on Portuguese assets.To put it in a nutshell, real estate and fund investment affect tax exposure significantly and differently, but the former does not get you any Golden Visa benefits. But funds provide more favorable tax treatment today anyway and are relevant for the Golden Visa.Crypto Taxation in Portugal: What Investors Need to Know in 2025Major changes have occurred since 2023 in the cryptocurrency taxation system of Portugal. With crypto trading and assets now fairly mainstream, it is best to know the rules and understand your tax liabilities.Crypto is Now TaxablePortugal used to be quite popular for being a crypto-friendly country, with limited taxation on digital assets up until 2023. Now, Portuguese tax authorities have clarified that crypto transactions are indeed subject to income tax, bringing Portugal in line with many other countries.If you perform short-term trading, any profits earned are treated as taxable income. All your gains will be subject to Portugal’s progressive income tax rates, which can reach up to 48% for high earners.Benefit for Long-Term HoldersIf you are a long-term trader of crypto, holding for 365 days unlocks a major tax advantage: making gains exempt from being taxed. This applies no matter the amount of profit earned from selling crypto held for over a year.Strategic Planning Can Minimize TaxesEven with these rules in place, crypto investors can plan smartly and still gain from their crypto profits:Aim for long-term holdings to benefit from the no-tax advantageMaintain all transaction records to avoid penaltiesUse Portugal’s tax treaties to avoid double taxation if you have income from other countriesStructure your crypto activity to separate personal investments from business operationsReporting & Compliance: What You Need to KnowIt is important to know your obligations as a Golden Visa investor. Portugal sets clear rules that you need to adhere to.Every year, residents and certain non-residents with Portuguese income must file a tax return, commonly known as IRS. Filing can be done through the official Portal das Finanças. Even if much of your income comes from abroad, you might need to report worldwide earnings if you qualify as a Portuguese tax resident. Non-residents only declare income sourced from Portugal itself.Returns typically cover the previous calendar year, with deadlines falling in the spring (usually between April and June).Mandatory Reporting for Foreign Bank Accounts (Modelo 720)Portugal has introduced Modelo 720, a special declaration for disclosing foreign bank accounts, securities, and properties if their combined value exceeds €50,000. Residents must submit this annually.Awareness, honesty, and transparency are the keys to avoiding tax avoidance penalties for non-compliance, which can be severe. So, include accounts, investments, and all property interests you hold outside Portugal, even if they do not generate income that year.Double Taxation Treaties: How to Avoid Paying TwicePortugal’s network of double taxation treaties (DTTs) supports investors. These are international agreements in place to prevent investors from being taxed twice: once in Portugal and once abroad. These treaties exist with the UK, the US, and many other countries. For all practical purposes, you do not have to pay tax twice.Golden Visa Program Updates That Affect Tax PlanningAs discussed above, the Portugal Golden Visa went through updates that have a direct impact on how investors approach their tax and residency strategy.Real Estate Investment Routes Closed Since October 2023Again, purchasing property in Portugal used to be one of the most popular ways of qualifying for the Golden Visa, but that is no longer the case. Anyone seeking a new Golden Visa today must look elsewhere, such as funds and cultural projects. Investments in approved Portuguese funds or support for national cultural initiatives are now the main qualifying routes.These main qualifying routes must meet government criteria and are often professionally managed with an emphasis on technology, innovation, or the arts. These options also typically come with lower ongoing tax burdens (no property taxes, fewer indirect taxes).What These Changes Mean for Taxation and ComplianceWith no real estate options on the table anymore, investors face a clearer picture for tax:No annual property tax or property transfer taxes for fund-based Golden Visa holdersGains and distributions from funds benefit from favorable tax treatment, especially for non-residents who often face little to no Portuguese withholding tax, depending on structure and bilateral tax agreementsCompared to property owners, fund investors have more consistent compliance requirements and much less administrative paperworkFund investments are more liquid and flexible, offering more financial freedomTo make the most out of Portugal’s updated Golden Visa program, you need a thorough understanding of the tax benefits and compliance requirements of fund and cultural investment.Planning for Citizenship and Long-Term TaxationThe path to Portuguese citizenship is clearer than ever before. After spending five years with a Golden Visa (and meeting the stay requirements), you can apply for a passport. Needless to say, keep your record clear.Make investments accordingly, with your goals clear. Fund investments, especially in diversified and well-managed options, are now the gold standard for keeping taxes low, building wealth, and facilitating your eventual move toward EU citizenship. If you choose that path, the tax rules are the same as for any other residents.How Bitizenship Helps Navigate Portugal’s Golden VisaThe Golden Visa Program can be a bit complex to tackle alone, especially as a crypto investor. The process becomes more nuanced. That is where assistance from an advisory firm like Bitizenship comes into play. Unlike many other advisory firms, we have a crypto-first approach.We offer a Golden Visa-eligible fund managed by a licensed crypto-focused asset manager in Portugal, with 110 visas managed to date. The fund provides exposure to real Portuguese companies that integrate Bitcoin in their balance sheets, as well as access to top-tier, low-fee ETFs from names like BlackRock and Bitwise.Our team assists you at every step, working with law firms and financial advisors, making sure the paperwork is air-tight, and there is proper planning for tax and compliance. If you are a crypto investor looking for residency, the right fund route, and structured support, get in touch with us today.Closing Thoughts Providing access to over 27 countries and plenty of tax benefits when used correctly, Portugal opens real doors for a new life. Begin a new chapter of your life in Portugal with built-in tax efficiency as a crypto investor by partnering up with Bitizenship. Planning and staying current with the requirements sets you up for long-term success in Portugal, confidently.FAQsWhat are the disadvantages of a Golden Visa? No visa is perfect. The Golden Visa, too, for example, has some drawbacks such as rules changing, removal of the ability to qualify with real estate, and raised investment requirements, tax on fund returns (depending upon your tax residency and investment choice), and ongoing compliance. What are the tax benefits of moving to Portugal? Tax benefits of moving to Portugal include lower or exempted taxes on several kinds of foreign income, no wealth tax, tax-free inheritance for immediate family, fund-based investments that deliver lower tax exposure compared to direct property holdings, and the possibility of benefiting from double taxation treaties to avoid paying tax twice on the same income. Why is Portugal ending the Golden Visa? The Golden Visa is not ending. The government has made some changes to the program, but these changes are not an indication of an end, rather an evolution. The program continues and is now focused on broader economic growth, like research, heritage, job creation, and not just the residential real estate sector. Has Portugal scrapped the 90-day rule? No, the 90-day rule remains. Non-residents can stay in Portugal and other Schengen countries for up to 90 days within any 180-day period without a visa. Residency permits and Golden Visas offer different, more permanent rights, but the standard Schengen stay rule is still in force.

14 MIN READ

20 Aug 2025

Top European Countries with Digital Nomad Visas in 2025
Golden visaTop European Countries with Digital Nomad Visas in 2025 If you’re looking for a change of pace and have the option to work remotely, Europe is the best place to be.Over a dozen European countries with digital nomad visas now compete for remote workers. They offer tailored visa programs that go far beyond tourist stays. You can have your pick from sun-soaked islands with low income thresholds to business-friendly cities with clear tax rules and long-term pathways.But digital nomad visas in Europe are not the same everywhere. Income requirements can vary, and some programs quietly limit what you can do once you're there. Things like bringing your family, getting local health coverage, or applying for residency down the line.What Is a Digital Nomad VisaA digital nomad visa is a temporary residence permit designed for remote workers. Unlike a tourist visa or Schengen stay, it lets you legally live in a country for 6-24 months (sometimes longer) while working for a non-local employer or your own company.Here’s what makes a digital nomad visa in Europe different:Permit TypeWork LegallyDurationRenewablePath to ResidencyFamily InclusionSchengen Tourist VisaNo90 days (max)NoNoNoDigital Nomad VisaYes6 to 24+ monthsYesSometimesOften allowedFreelance VisaYes1 to 3 yearsYesYesOften allowedWhat matters most when comparing digital nomad visas in Europe is the details:Minimum income requirement: Can you prove you earn enough monthly?Tax residency rules: Will you be taxed locally, or are you exempt?Application process: Is it done abroad or once you enter the country?Processing time: Are you waiting 30 days, or six months?Renewability & upgrades: Can this visa become a bridge to long-term residence?Family-friendly: Can your spouse and kids come with you on the same permit?These differences make or break real decisions. For example, Estonia's tech-forward visa has one of the cleanest application processes but won’t help you long-term. Meanwhile, countries like Portugal or Spain offer easier upgrades to residency, but come with more complex considerations.How to Choose the Right Digital Nomad Visa in EuropeChoosing a digital nomad visa in Europe is as much about where you want to go as it is about where you can realistically stay and thrive as a remote worker. Some countries make it easy on paper but bog you down in paperwork. Others are flexible with income requirements but offer no tax clarity. A few strike the right balance, and those are the ones worth considering. Here’s what to look into:Minimum Income RequirementEvery EU digital nomad visa has a monthly income threshold, typically tied to the host country’s minimum wage or national average. For example:CountryMinimum Monthly IncomeNotesPortugal€3,480Must prove with contracts/bank statementsSpain~€2,500Income must be from non-Spanish sourcesCroatia~€3,295You will have to provide payslips to prove your income, or sufficient funds for a year (minimum monthly income x 12)Greece€3,500+20% if bringing spouseProving remote income can be tricky. You’ll often need bank statements, active contracts, and sometimes notarized letters from employers or clients.TaxationSome digital nomad visas in Europe explicitly state that you won’t become a tax resident. Others say nothing, which often means the local tax authority will consider you one if you stay longer than 183 days.For example:Portugal had one of the best regimes (the NHR regime), but has shifted towards treating most nomads as tax residents with the new IFICI tax regime.Estonia does not tax remote income if you’re employed by a non-Estonian entity and stay under the 183-day threshold.Spain taxes you after 183 days but offers the Beckham Law, which can reduce your rate if you apply in time.So, don’t choose a visa without first understanding its tax treatment. What looks cheap upfront can become expensive fast.Ease of ApplicationSome countries let you apply online and issue approvals in a month or less. Others require in-person embassy appointments, physical apostilles, and document translations.Best-in-class for processing:Estonia (fully digital, typically 30-60 days)Croatia (application can be submitted online from abroad)Iceland (not fast, but process is clear and standardized)Worst-case scenarios?Italy still requires regional labor office approvals and unclear wait times.Greece has conflicting instructions between embassies and local authorities.Visa Duration and Renewal OptionsMost digital nomad visas in Europe are valid for 12 months, with the option to renew. But a few stand out:Portugal offers a 2-year residence permit from the start, renewable for 3 more years.Iceland only allows a 6-month stay, non-renewable.Malta allows 1-year stays, renewable annually up to 3 years.If you want stability, opt for countries that offer multi-year residence and an upgrade path to permanent status.Bringing FamilyNot every visa includes dependents automatically. If you’re relocating with a partner or kids, check:Portugal, Greece, Malta, and Spain all allow dependents on the same or linked visa.Estonia and Croatia allow dependents but may require separate documentation.Iceland does not allow family inclusion on their nomad visa.Lifestyle Fit and Nomad InfrastructureThere’s no one-size-fits-all. For beach life and mild winters? Look to Spain, Portugal, or Cyprus. Prefer capital-city coworking hubs and international communities? Try Tallinn, Lisbon, Barcelona, or Berlin.Fast Wi-Fi, low cost of living, decent public transport, and safety still matter. So does the ability to rent without absurd bureaucracy. Nomads are drawn to:Portugal for its laid-back vibe, surf towns, and tech sceneCroatia for affordability and coastlinesSpain for weather, culture, and coworking densityEstonia for digital services and clean adminBest European Countries with Digital Nomad VisasEurope is big, and no two places are alike, so here is a breakdown of countries to choose from, what to expect, and what makes each stand out.PortugalPortugal’s digital nomad visa is one of the most structured and attractive in Europe, especially for those looking to establish residency. Applicants can choose between a 1-year temporary stay visa or a 2-year residence permit, both built for remote workers earning foreign income. With an expat scene, accessible healthcare, and top-tier internet, Portugal offers both lifestyle and legal clarity.Why Portugal stands out:Clear path to long-term residenceFamily reunification allowedStrong nomad hubs (Lisbon, Porto, Madeira)Western European quality of life at lower costRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,480 (4x Portuguese minimum wage)Visa Duration1 year (temporary stay) or 2 years (residence permit), both renewableTax StatusYou become a tax resident after 183 days and are subject to Portuguese tax lawsApplication ProcessApply via consulate (for temporary stay) or at AIMA (for residence permit)Family InclusionAllowed through family reunificationHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time2-3 months, depending on consulate or AIMA backlogMaltaMalta was among the first European countries with a digital nomad visa, offering the Nomad Residence Permit starting in 2021. It has an English-speaking environment, mild winters, and highly centralized application process. Though relatively small, Malta offers EU access and competitive tax treatment for remote workers.Why Malta stands out:Entire process handled online via one government agencyEnglish is an official languageNo local taxes if income is not remitted to MaltaIsland lifestyle with fast international connectionsRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,500Visa Duration1 year, renewable annually (up to 3 years)Tax StatusNo tax if income remains outside of MaltaApplication ProcessOnline via Residency Malta Agency; approval required before entryFamily InclusionAllowed (spouse and dependents)Health InsuranceRequired (local or international)Processing Time~30 business daysCroatiaCroatia’s digital nomad visa, officially a temporary stay permit, is one of the most efficient in the EU. It offers fast online applications and zero tax on foreign income. Though it’s limited to one year with no renewal, many nomads reapply after a short break.Why Croatia stands out:No local taxation on foreign incomeAffordable cost of livingSchengen access since 2023Well-developed expat and remote work communities in Split, Zagreb, and RijekaRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,295Visa DurationUp to 12 months (not renewable, but reapplication allowed)Tax StatusNo tax as long as you're considered a non-residentApplication ProcessOnline from abroad or in-country via police or consulateFamily InclusionAllowed (proof of additional income required)Health InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~30-45 daysEstoniaEstonia was the first EU country to formally introduce a digital nomad visa back in 2020. While the Baltic winters are not for everyone, Estonia appeals to tech professionals and freelancers who want a clean bureaucratic experience and reliable infrastructure. However, this visa is only valid for 1 year and does not allow family inclusion.Why Estonia stands out:Tech-savvy governance with digital-first systemsTransparent visa processPopular among remote employees and solo consultantsNot suitable for families or those seeking long-term residenceRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€4,500Visa DurationUp to 12 monthsTax StatusNo tax if your stay is under 183 daysApplication ProcessApply at Estonian consulate or embassyFamily InclusionNot permitted under this visaHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time15-30 business daysSpainSpain introduced its digital nomad visa in 2023 under the Startup Law, and it quickly became one of the strongest programs in Europe. The visa grants a 3-year residence permit from the start, with access to Spain’s flat-tax regime for foreign workers (the Beckham Law), making it ideal for long-term stability.Why Spain stands out:Long initial visa duration (3 years)Beckham Law allows reduced flat tax for 5 yearsExcellent lifestyle options from big cities to islandsHighly developed remote work hubs and infrastructureRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€2,500Visa Duration3 years (renewable)Tax StatusTax resident; eligible for Beckham Law (24% flat tax)Application ProcessApply abroad via consulate or in-country (change of status)Family InclusionAllowed (with income multipliers)Health InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~20-45 business daysGreeceGreece introduced its digital nomad visa in 2021. It’s a top choice for remote workers who want affordable living, good weather, beautiful scenery and a family-friendly setup. While the visa itself is valid for one year, it can be extended into a two-year residence permit.Why Greece stands out:Good for families (clear dependents policy)Can transition from a visa to a residence permitAccess to islands, cities, and a relaxed lifestyleReasonable cost of livingRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,500, +20% for spouse, +15% per childVisa Duration1 year (renewable into a 2-year residence permit)Tax StatusYou become a tax resident after 183 daysApplication ProcessApply abroad via consulate; extension filed in GreeceFamily InclusionAllowed (income thresholds apply)Health InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time4-6 weeks (varies by consulate)HungaryHungary launched its White Card in 2022 as a digital nomad visa targeted at solo applicants. It’s straightforward in terms of documentation, but a major caveat is that it does not allow spouses or children to join under the same permit. That said, Hungary offers one of the lowest income thresholds in the EU and has a very affordable cost of living.Why Hungary stands out:One of the lowest income requirementsCentral EU location with strong transport linksAffordable, yet beautiful cities like Budapest and DebrecenOnly available to single applicants (no dependents)RequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,000Visa Duration1 year (renewable for 1 additional year)Tax StatusBecomes tax resident after 183 daysApplication ProcessApply through consulate or in-country if already legally in HungaryFamily InclusionNot permittedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time30-45 daysIcelandIceland offers a long-term remote work visa for non-EU/EEA nationals. It’s a good fit for high-income earners who want a unique setting. The visa is non-renewable and not ideal for long-term relocation, but it remains attractive for solo workers who want to experience Iceland and live in a safe, stable, and highly developed country for a fixed period.Why Iceland stands out:High standard of living and public safetyVery limited stay, best for short-term relocationHigh income requirement restricts accessibilityRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€7,000Visa DurationUp to 180 days (non-renewable)Tax StatusNot a tax resident for the visa durationApplication ProcessApply while outside Iceland; embassy or mailed submissionFamily InclusionNot permittedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~3-4 weeksItalyItaly’s digital nomad visa offers beautiful scenery and historical value with some requirements. No criminal record, and a clean tax history, and it's processed through regional labor offices, which adds complexity and time. However, once you get through the system, it offers the chance to live long-term in one of Europe’s most iconic destinations.Why Italy stands out:Cultural capital and lifestyle appealVisa grants a path to residencyMore suitable for freelancers and consultants with legal/tax supportRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€2,500Visa Duration1 year (renewable)Tax StatusBecomes tax resident after 183 daysApplication ProcessComplex; requires labor office clearance before embassy submissionFamily InclusionAllowedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing TimeOften exceeds 60 days due to bureaucracyNorwayNorway offers a self-employment visa that functions similarly to a digital nomad visa, but only if you work with Norwegian clients. This makes it narrower than typical nomad visas, but still viable for some freelancers and consultants. The cost of living is high, but so is the quality of life, and applicants who meet the strict income and client-location criteria, will get to enjoy Norway’s stunning nature, safety and culture.Why Norway stands out:Secure, high-functioning societyLong initial visa duration with renewals possibleOnly suitable if you serve at least one Norwegian clientRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€3,000/monthVisa Duration2 years (renewable)Tax StatusBecomes tax residentApplication ProcessApply via UDI (Directorate of Immigration); in-person biometricsFamily InclusionAllowedHealth InsuranceCovered under the national system after registrationProcessing Time1-3 monthsCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic doesn’t technically offer a digital nomad visa, but its Zivno visa (freelance trade license) has long been used by remote workers. It’s ideal for people who can register for permitted trade licenses (IT, education, marketing, etc.). The process is bureaucratic but manageable with legal help. This visa provides a renewable 1-year stay and can lead to long-term residence.Why Czech Republic stands out:Proven freelancer-friendly setupLow cost of living in cities like Brno and PragueViable for long-term EU stayRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€3,200Visa Duration1 year (renewable)Tax StatusBecomes tax residentApplication ProcessIn-person at embassy; trade license required before applyingFamily InclusionPossible, but it’s a more complex processHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time60-90 daysCyprusCyprus is one of the most business-friendly European countries with digital nomad visas. With 300+ days of sunshine, widespread English use, and no tax obligations for most remote workers, Cyprus is becoming a serious option for solo workers and remote employees looking to live in the EU without the EU-level tax stress.Why Cyprus stands out:Strong expat infrastructure in Nicosia, Limassol, and LarnacaNo local tax liability under 183 daysEnglish widely spoken and used in contractsRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income€3,500Visa Duration1 year (renewable for 2 additional years)Tax StatusNo tax if stay is under 183 days/yearApplication ProcessFile in-country through the Civil Registry and Migration DepartmentFamily InclusionAllowedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~4-6 weeksGermanyGermany doesn’t offer a formal EU digital nomad visa, but its freelance visa (Freiberufler) effectively functions like one. It’s especially popular among creatives, tech professionals, and consultants. Unlike most digital nomad visas in Europe, this permit involves registration with the local tax office and requires proof of local demand for your services.Why Germany stands out:Strongest economy among digital nomad visas in EuropeLong visa duration and clear upgrade path to permanent residencyBest for freelancers with German or EU clientsRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly IncomeNo official threshold, but must prove financial self-sufficiencyVisa Duration3 months initially; extendable to 3 yearsTax StatusYes, taxed as a local freelancerApplication ProcessIn-country; requires client letters, business plan, and health insuranceFamily InclusionAllowedHealth InsuranceMandatory (must be a public or approved private provider)Processing Time~2-3 monthsRomaniaRomania offers history, culture, and one of the fastest internet infrastructures in Europe. This makes it attractive for solo freelancers and remote employees in IT, design, or media. While the country isn't always top of mind when considering digital nomad visas that Europe offers, it’s one of the most practical choices.Why Romania stands out:Excellent broadband speeds and coworking availability in Bucharest and ClujVery affordable cost of livingRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€3,300Visa Duration12 months (renewable)Tax StatusNot considered a tax resident under 183 daysApplication ProcessOnline submission; physical follow-up at the embassy or immigration officeFamily InclusionAllowed (income proof must cover dependents)Health InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~2-3 monthsGeorgiaGeorgia isn’t part of the EU, but it stands out on any list of digital nomad visas Europe offers due to its liberal entry policy and tax perks. With its Remotely from Georgia program, citizens of over 90 countries can stay for up to one year without a visa. While not a formal EU digital nomad visa, it operates as one, and requires no consulate visits or detailed paperwork to get started.Why Georgia stands out:No visa required for up to 365 days for most Western passport holdersSimple online registration if applying under the formal nomad programForeign income is not taxed under 183 daysRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€1,850Visa Duration1 year (can reapply or convert to residency)Tax StatusNo tax unless staying 183+ daysApplication ProcessOnline registration for “Remotely from Georgia” programFamily InclusionAllowedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time~10-20 business daysLatviaLatvia launched its digital nomad visa in 2022, targeting non-EU remote employees and freelancers working for companies registered in OECD countries. As one of the more low-profile EU digital nomad visa programs, it offers a stable legal route into the Schengen Zone, with relatively modest documentation requirements and a solid quality of life in cities like Riga.Why Latvia stands out:Access to the Schengen AreaClear eligibility for OECD-based workersLow barrier for freelancers with verified contractsRequirementDetailsMinimum Monthly Income~€4,200 (based on 2.5x national average wage)Visa Duration1 year (renewable for 1 additional year)Tax StatusBecomesa  tax resident after 183 daysApplication ProcessIn person at the consulate or embassyFamily InclusionNot currently permittedHealth InsuranceRequiredProcessing Time30-60 daysChoosing the Right EU Digital Nomad Visa: Best by CategoryWith so many digital nomad visas Europe now offers, narrowing it down comes down to your budget, speed, family plans, and long-term goals. Here's how the top European countries with digital nomad visas stack up by some key criteria:Easiest Digital Nomad Visa in EuropeIf speed and simplicity are your top priorities, a few European countries with digital nomad visas stand out for their streamlined application processes. Croatia is one of the most efficient, offering a fully online application with a decision in about 30 days. Malta centralizes everything through its Residency Malta Agency, which makes the process surprisingly painless, especially compared to other Mediterranean destinations. Estonia, true to its digital government reputation, keeps paperwork minimal and turnaround fast. Meanwhile, Georgia remains the simplest of all: citizens from over 90 countries can enter without a visa and stay up to one year, no consulate visit required.Cheapest Digital Nomad Visa Europe OffersNot everyone earns huge salaries, and fortunately, not all digital nomad visas in Europe require them. Georgia has one of the lowest thresholds at ~€1,850 per month with minimal paperwork. Spain and Italy follow close behind, both hovering around €2,500 per month, making them among the most accessible in Western Europe. Hungary remains competitive with a €3,000 requirement for its White Card, though it’s limited to solo applicants. Best EU Digital Nomad Visa for FamiliesWhen relocating with a spouse or kids, some EU digital nomad visa programs clearly go the extra mile. Portugal offers a structured path for family reunification, and the long-term residence permit makes it ideal for raising a family. Spain also welcomes dependents under the same permit, and with its flat-tax Beckham Law, it can be financially favorable for high earners. Greece calculates additional income requirements per family member but has a transparent system in place. Romania and Malta both allow dependents with relatively light documentation, making them attractive for digital nomad families who want to enjoy Europe.Best Long-Term Residency PotentialIf you're not just passing through but planning to settle down, a few digital nomad visas Europe offers can serve as serious stepping stones to permanent residency or even citizenship. Portugal leads in this category with its renewable two-year residence permit that counts toward the five-year minimum for permanent residence. Spain’s three-year permit starts strong and is fully renewable, and it can eventually transition into long-term residence. Germany’s freelance visa is well-respected and opens the door to settlement for those who build a solid tax and income history. The Czech Republic and Greece also allow for renewals that accumulate toward permanent residence, making them a good choice for those looking at the bigger picture.Thinking Long-Term? Bitizenship Can Help You Stay in Portugal for GoodFor many digital nomads, the original plan is to stay for a year or two, until Portugal makes a more permanent impression. If you’ve already fallen in love with the country’s lifestyle, healthcare, and tax advantages, you might be wondering: Is Portugal a good place to retire? Yes, and a digital nomad visa is just one of the options to gain residency and not particularly suited for retirees.Here’s where Bitizenship comes in.We focus exclusively on helping clients secure residency by investment in Portugal and they can eventually apply for European citizenship by investment, specifically through Portugal’s Golden Visa program. We manage the entire process via a fully compliant crypto-based route. Through the Unbound Fund, which qualifies under Portugal’s current Golden Visa rules, we guide investors step-by-step toward permanent residency and eventual citizenship.Our team handles everything: from onboarding and fund coordination to legal structuring, immigration paperwork, and connecting you with licensed lawyers and tax advisors in Portugal. More importantly, we stay involved through the entire journey, until you’ve unlocked the full benefits of EU mobility, long-term security, and cross-border freedom.If your plan is to gain a visa quickly with no commitments, Bitizenship offers a well-supported, fully legal pathway that goes far beyond remote work.Final ThoughtsEurope has never been more open to remote workers. If you want a full relocation or you’re just testing the waters for a year, the right digital nomad visa in Europe can give you the legal clarity you need to make it work. You can experience a new kind of lifestyle and learn something along the way. And, with the right plan and the right partners, if you're thinking long-term, the freedom to live and work legally in Europe is closer than ever.

19 MIN READ

07 Aug 2025

Top Portugal Golden Visa Investment Funds to Consider in 2025
Golden visaTop Portugal Golden Visa Investment Funds to Consider in 2025 In 2025, Portugal’s Golden Visa investment funds are one of the most viable routes to EU residency for international investors. With real estate removed from eligibility, investors are pivoting toward regulated private equity and venture capital funds that meet Portugal’s legal requirements for the Golden Visa, and often offer competitive returns.These Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal give you exposure to sectors like tech, renewable energy, hospitality, and infrastructure, all while maintaining a passive investment profile. There’s no need to manage property, chase tenants, or worry about shifting real estate regulations. However, these programs differ a lot. Fees, risk levels, sector focus, and even exit terms vary wildly. Some funds are built with short-term capital preservation in mind. Others are more aggressive, aiming for high-growth over 7-10 years. And while all qualifying funds require a minimum investment of €500,000, what you get for that sum can differ dramatically.Why Consider Portugal’s Golden Visa Investment Funds?After the Portuguese government closed the real estate investment route in 2023, regulated funds became the most popular path for investors who want residency.So, what does this model bring?A Simpler, Smarter Investment RouteFirst, Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal are professionally managed and regulated by the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (CMVM). That means they operate under strict transparency, reporting, and compliance guidelines.That means that you’re investing in a legally structured fund, usually a private equity, venture capital, or growth-focused vehicle, that pools capital and allocates it across a portfolio of Portuguese businesses, sectors, or infrastructure projects. These can include:Green energy developmentsHealthcare innovationsEarly-stage tech companiesHotels and tourism redevelopmentLogistics and industrial parksHow it Could WorkFor the sake of this example, imagine an investor who originally planned to purchase an apartment in Lisbon. When the Golden Visa real estate path was cut off, they redirected the €500,000 toward a fund focused on renewable energy infrastructure. That fund is expected to deliver annualized returns of around 6-8% over a 7-year period, with full capital return at maturity. So, instead of buying into a saturated property market, they joined a green growth initiative backed by stable, recurring energy contracts.Less Hassle, Lower OverheadUnlike owning property, there are no maintenance costs, no property taxes, no ongoing paperwork related to tenants or Airbnb restrictions. Once you invest, your obligations are minimal beyond the fund’s reporting cycle and visa renewals. For investors balancing global business portfolios or moving across borders, this is a major advantage.More Flexibility, Especially for Non-ResidentsPortugal’s Golden Visa investment funds are also well-suited for non-EU investors who don't plan to live in Portugal full-time. The minimum stay requirement remains just seven days per year, far less than residency-by-rental programs in other European countries. And because the funds are professionally administered, investors can manage everything remotely with the help of legal representatives.How Much Do You Need to Invest in Portugal to Get a Golden Visa?The standard minimum investment amount for Portugal’s Golden Visa investment funds is €500,000. This requirement hasn’t changed with the 2023 Golden Visa reform, and it applies specifically to qualified investment funds regulated under Portuguese law. But there are fees involved, so understanding the total cost of entry is essential before making a move.The Core Requirement: €500,000 in a Regulated FundTo qualify, your €500,000 must be invested in a fund that:Is registered and supervised by the CMVM (Portuguese Securities Market Commission)Has a minimum maturity of 5 yearsInvests at least 60% of its capital in companies based in PortugalDoes not distribute capital during the first five yearsThese are non-negotiable requirements. Investing in a fund that doesn’t meet all four will disqualify your application.Additional Costs to ExpectIn reality, Portugal's Golden Visa investment fund route involves more than just the capital injection. Here’s a rough breakdown of what a typical investor might spend:ExpenseEstimated Cost (EUR)Fund Investment€500,000Fund Subscription Fee (1.5%-3%)Up to €25,000Fund Annual Management Fees (0.25-2%)Up to €10,000/yearLegal Fees (for application & due diligence)€5,000-€8,000Government Application Fees€5,325 per applicantRenewal Costs (every 2 years)€3022 per applicantSo, while the legal minimum investment is €500,000, the full cost of obtaining your Golden Visa through funds can exceed €525,000-€550,000 when including legal and administrative fees, and higher if you’re applying with family.A Look at Fund Fee StructuresEvery fund is different. Some charge higher entry or exit fees but offer better returns. Others have flat management costs but offer less aggressive growth strategies. One fund might charge a 2% entry fee with zero exit charges, while another might take 5% upfront but waive annual management costs altogether.What Are Portugal’s Golden Visa Investment Funds Actually Investing In?Every Golden Visa investment fund in Portugal is legally required to disclose its investment thesis, structure, and portfolio focus, and while all must channel at least 60% of capital into Portuguese-based businesses, the sectors vary widely.Some funds back renewable energy projects. Others focus on early-stage startups, healthcare, hospitality, agriculture, or logistics. This diversity allows you to align your residency application with your financial goals, whether you’re looking for conservative capital preservation or long-term growth.Fund Types You’ll Commonly SeeMost Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal fall into one of these categories:Private equity funds: These invest in established, growth-stage Portuguese companies. They often prioritize business expansions, buyouts, and strategic partnerships. Risk tends to be moderate, with a focus on steady returns.Venture capital funds: These are higher-risk, higher-reward funds that support early-stage startups in tech, fintech, biotech, or renewable energy. Returns can be impressive, but volatility is higher.Tourism & hospitality funds: With Portugal’s ongoing boom in tourism, some funds focus on acquiring, renovating, or launching hospitality assets, hotels, boutique rentals, resorts, especially in underserved interior regions.Green & infrastructure funds: Some of the more conservative options channel capital into solar farms, sustainable agriculture, or regional infrastructure projects with government-backed contracts and recurring revenue streams.Liquidity and Lock-Up PeriodsMost funds have a minimum lock-in period of 5-8 years, aligning with the Golden Visa residency requirement. You won’t be able to exit early without penalties. However, some funds offer secondary market solutions or structured exits for special cases like health issues or relocation.All of this to say, Portugal Golden Visa investment funds represent real capital investments in real parts of the Portuguese economy. And they’re designed with long-term sustainability, transparency, and investor alignment in mind.Portugal Golden Visa Investment Funds List for 2025High-net-worth individuals and expat investors seeking Portugal’s Golden Visa in 2025 are increasingly turning to Portugal Golden Visa investment funds as the preferred route. After the 2023 reforms, the spotlight is on Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal that span diverse sectors, from tech startups and renewable energy to hospitality and cryptocurrency.Below is Portugal’s Golden Visa investment funds list of the top 20 funds open to new investors in 2025, complete with a comparison of their focus, terms, and fees:Fund NameLifecycle (yrs)Target IRRMgmt FeeSubscription FeeFund Close/StatusMin InvestmentFund ManagerFund AdvisorFund AuditorAsset ClassesUnbound Fund818%1.5%€10,0002026-5€100,000Green One CapitalUnbound CapitalBDOWeb3; BitcoinAndo Europe79%1.8%1.2%2026-1€200,000STAGOptylon KreaBaker TillyHospitalityPort. Golden Opportunities Open-ended10%1.8%1.0%Continuous€1,000OptimizeMazarsEquities; BondsPortugal Golden Income Fund Open-ended10%1.5%0.0%Continuous€100,0003 Comma CapitalPKFBonds; Equities; Alternative AssetsActiveCap Opportunities1013%2.00%2.0%2024-1€250,000ActiveCap CPORAMixedAretha Portugal Vision1010%0.67%0.0%2024-5€50,000Cedrus CapitalAretha CapitalKPMGMixedBlue Water Point Capital820%2.0%3.5%2027-1€150,000Point CapitalBlue Water CapitalBDOMixedC2 Legacy Buyout815%2.0%3.0%2026-2€150,000C2 CapitalErnst & YoungMixedContainer Fund1015%2.0%2.0%2033-1€50,000Celtis VentureCeltis VentureBDOTechnologyEmerald Capital Fund77%0.95%0.5%2026-7€250,000STAGWELink GroupBDORenewable EnergyDisclaimer: The information provided in this table is for informational purposes only and is based on publicly available data as of 2025. While we aim to keep the content accurate, investment fund terms, fees, availability, and performance targets may change without notice. This content does not constitute financial, legal, or immigration advice. Always consult with a licensed financial advisor, immigration lawyer, or authorized fund representative before making any investment decision related to the Portugal Golden Visa investment funds program.Strategic Considerations for Golden Visa ApplicantsPerforming due diligence is essential. All the listed funds are fully compliant with CMVM regulations and Golden Visa rules (minimum 60% of investments in Portugal, etc.), but their strategies and risk profiles differ. Prospective investors should evaluate fund track records, management expertise, fee structures, and alignment with personal goals. For instance, if your priority is preserving capital and obtaining residency with minimal fuss, a diversified income fund or an asset-backed fund (like agriculture or infrastructure) might be the best option. Conversely, if you view the Golden Visa as a chance to invest in venture capital, you can allocate your €500K into a high-growth fund, just be prepared for a longer path to liquidity and the possibility of higher volatility. Some investors opt to spread €500k across two or more funds to diversify (e.g. part in a yield-focused fund and part in a venture fund), which is allowed and can balance risk/reward.Since the Golden Visa reforms, Portugal’s fund managers have really stepped up to offer products that are both Golden Visa investment funds and solid investments in their own right. There’s a rising popularity of the fund route, and it’s easy to see why: these funds fulfill the residency requirement and give investors a stake in Portugal’s economic growth areas, from green energy to tech innovation. When you choose a fund that matches your strategy, you can achieve the twin goals of securing Portuguese residency and pursuing attractive financial returns. How to Choose the Right Portugal Golden Visa Investment Fund for YouNow that you’ve seen the top Portugal Golden Visa investment funds list, the next step is identifying which one best suits your investment goals, risk profile, and timeline. While every fund on the list is compliant and open to non-EU investors, the reality is that some will be a better fit for you than others, depending on how you think about risk, return, and personal alignment.Investment PrioritiesStart by asking what matters most to you:Are you looking for capital preservation over growth?Are you comfortable locking in for 7-10 years, or do you want early liquidity?Would you rather see annual income or aim for a larger return at exit?Do you have a sector preference, like tech, sustainability, hospitality, or crypto?If your goal is low volatility and a smooth ride, a fund like Portugal Golden Opportunities may be a better match. But if you’re chasing higher returns, then the Unbound Fund might make more sense, as long as you’re aware of the risk curve associated with Crypto.Consider the Fund StructureThe fund’s internal mechanics matter. Some important variables:Closed-end vs. open-ended: Closed-end funds have fixed terms and payout at the end (often 7-10 years). Open-ended funds offer more flexibility, including the option to redeem early, but often come with slightly lower projected returns.Management track record: Look into who is running the fund. Does the team have previous exits? How long have they been managing capital in Portugal? Fee Structure: Fees can eat into returns quickly. While 0.25-2% annual management fees are standard, watch for high performance fees, subscription costs, or hidden carry. Match Risk to Age and Exit PlanYour age and your exit timeline should shape your choice. A 35-year-old entrepreneur might feel comfortable riding out the risk in a crypto-focused Unbound fund for a decade. A 62-year-old planning to retire in Portugal by the end of the decade might prefer a conservative, income-generating fund with lower upside and lower risk.Ask the Right QuestionsBefore committing, do your due diligence. These are real investments with real capital at stake. Some smart questions to ask:What is the fund’s current portfolio exposure?Is there an independent custodian holding the assets?How are annual reports and valuations handled?Is there a plan for secondary market exits if needed?Who are the other LPs (limited partners)?If a fund manager is vague about returns, unwilling to share audited financials, or deflects on risk disclosures, that’s a red flag. A good fund will have nothing to hide.What About Citizenship?Many investors who are looking into Portugal Golden Visa investment funds ultimately have one goal in mind: a second passport. But how realistic is that, and what’s the actual process?How to Get from Residency to CitizenshipPortugal doesn’t offer citizenship in exchange for investment directly, but it does provide a residency pathway that can eventually lead to citizenship. Here’s how it typically works:Invest €500,000 in a qualifying fund.Apply for the Golden Visa with the help of legal representation (expect 6-12 months for approval).Maintain the investment and renew the visa in years 2 and 4.At year 5, apply for permanent residency or citizenship.So, you can apply for citizenship after five years of holding a valid Golden Visa. That’s significantly shorter than the 10+ years required in many other EU countries.Do You Need to Live in Portugal?No. One of the key benefits of the Golden Visa in Portugal is that you don’t need to relocate or spend much time in the country. The minimum stay requirement is just 7 days per year.However, some legal experts recommend spending more time in Portugal if your goal is citizenship, not just residency. That’s because Portugal expects “genuine ties” to the country when assessing naturalization applications.Other Citizenship RequirementsAlong with maintaining your investment for five years, you’ll need to:Pass a basic A2-level Portuguese language exam, which tests simple grammar and conversation skills.Provide a clean criminal record from both Portugal and your home country.Show proof of integration - this can include your time spent in Portugal, tax records, or even community involvement.Does Every Fund Investor Qualify?In theory, yes, if you follow the timeline, keep your investment in place for five years, and meet the basic requirements. But keep in mind: citizenship is not automatic. The Golden Visa gives you the right to apply, not a guarantee of approval.Still, the system works. Thousands of investors have successfully transitioned from Golden Visa holders to Portuguese citizens since the program’s launch. For many, Portugal Golden Visa investment funds offer the simplest and cleanest path toward that outcome.What to Watch Out For Before You InvestInvesting in Portugal’s Golden Visa investment funds isn’t just about picking the one with the highest projected return. These are long-term commitments, legally binding, financially significant, and often illiquid for several years. Before you transfer €500,000, it’s worth slowing down and checking all the details.Understand the Lock-Up TermsMost Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal are closed-end, meaning your capital is locked for the entire fund term, often 7 to 10 years. Even if the fund performs well, you usually won’t see your money until it matures.Fees Can Cut Into ReturnsMost funds charge a management fee of 0.25%-2% per year, which is reasonable. But some add:Subscription or setup feesSuccess or “carry” fees on profitsCustodian, audit, or legal pass-through chargesCheck whether fees are based on committed capital (less favorable) or invested capital (more standard). Also, be wary of funds that downplay or hide fees in their marketing materials.If a fund is projecting 8% IRR, but layering on 3%+ in annual costs, your net return might be closer to 4-5%.Vet the Fund ManagerAnyone can spin up a prospectus. What matters is execution. Ask:What is the manager’s track record?Have they exited any funds?Are they backed by a licensed custodian and an independent auditor?Are they regulated by the CMVM?If a fund can’t answer these questions clearly, move on.Check the Investment ThesisSome funds are clear and transparent. Others use vague language like “we invest in diversified opportunities across growth sectors” without ever naming those sectors. You want to know:What is the fund actually investing in?Is there diversification across multiple companies or sectors?What stage are the investments in - seed, Series A, mature?If you don’t understand where your money is going, you shouldn’t invest.Watch Out for OverpromisingSome funds advertise 15-20% returns with near-zero risk. That’s not how finance works. High-return funds come with high volatility, long timelines, or both. Be wary of marketing that tries to downplay this.Red flag phrases include:“Guaranteed return” (no fund can legally guarantee this)“Fully liquid any time” (Golden Visa law still requires a 5-year hold)“No downside” (there’s always risk)Legal and Tax Due DiligenceWork with a qualified Portuguese law firm that understands the Golden Visa and funds. They’ll help you:Review the fund documentsEnsure compliance with immigration lawNavigate tax residency questionsPortugal’s tax regime can be favorable, especially under the D7 or D8 visa, but that depends on your personal situation. Investment gains from Portuguese funds may be taxed differently based on your residency status.How to Start the ProcessOnce you’ve chosen a Portugal Golden Visa investment fund, getting started is more straightforward than most people expect, especially with the right support.Get Legal SupportWork with a Portuguese lawyer experienced in Golden Visa cases and investment fund compliance. They’ll:Help you select a qualifying fundObtain your NIF (Portuguese tax number)Open a local bank accountHandle the full visa application processSubscribe to the FundAfter passing the fund’s KYC checks, you’ll transfer the investment amount (usually €500,000) from your Portuguese account and sign the fund’s subscription agreement. Make sure the fund is CMVM-regulated and meets all Golden Visa criteria.Submit Your ApplicationYour lawyer will prepare your file, including:Proof of investmentCriminal background checksHealth insuranceIdentification documentsOnce submitted, pre-approval times in 2025 are around 6-12 months. Biometrics and Residency CardAfter pre-approval, you’ll attend a biometric appointment in Portugal. Then you’ll receive your initial residence card, valid for two years and renewable thereafter.How Bitizenship Can Help You With Golden Visa Investment Funds in PortugalAt Bitizenship, we’re dedicated to helping investors secure Portugal citizenship through compliant pathways, with a special focus on the fund route. As official partners of the Unbound Fund, we guide clients through every step of obtaining a Golden Visa by investing in Portugal’s regulated crypto ecosystem.We help you with:Initial investment in the Unbound FundNavigating the full Golden Visa application process from abroadOpening a Portuguese bank account and getting your NIFStay compliant through the full five-year journey to citizenshipIf your goal is mobility, residency, and eventually Portugal citizenship, we’re here to help make that happen, with transparent support, verified partnerships, and a commitment to doing things right.Final Thoughts: Are Golden Visa Investment Funds in Portugal a Good Fit For You?Portugal Golden Visa investment funds aren’t just a loophole or a backdoor; they’re now the main avenue to Portuguese residency for global investors. After the 2023 reform, they’ve become more visible, more transparent, and more professionally managed.What makes the Golden Visa investment funds in Portugal especially appealing is access and autonomy. You can live abroad, invest from afar, and still gain a foothold in the EU. You’re allocating capital into a regulated, tax-transparent vehicle, and in return, you’re building a path to a Portuguese passport.There are still risks. Funds can underperform. Timelines can shift. Political winds may change. But unlike in many other countries, Portugal has a track record of honoring commitments and maintaining residency pathways with integrity.And if part of your long-term thinking includes your later years, it’s worth considering whether Portugal is a good place to retire. With its mild climate, excellent healthcare, and favorable tax options, it continues to attract investors who are planning a different future.Portugal’s open, and is still one of the most accessible countries in Europe to build a future. It doesn’t matter if you select a high-yield tech fund or a stable agricultural vehicle; the opportunity is real. Now it’s just a matter of finding the right fit.FAQsHow much do you need to invest in Portugal to get a Golden Visa? You can qualify with a €250,000 donation to an approved arts or cultural-heritage project, but most applicants choose the fund route, which requires €500,000 in a regulated venture-capital or private-equity fund because that has ROI. Is Portugal ending the Golden Visa program? No. the 2023 “Mais Habitação” law restructured the scheme by removing real estate options, but the Golden Visa itself remains open under the new rules. What are investment funds in Portugal? They are CMVM-regulated venture-capital or private-equity funds that channel money into Portuguese businesses; to count for a Golden Visa they must steer clear of real-estate holdings, and you must subscribe at least €500,000 and keep the units at least for five years. How much to invest in Portugal to get citizenship? Portugal doesn’t grant citizenship by a one-off payment; instead, you keep your Golden Visa investment (from €250,000 for donations or €500,000 for funds) for five years, spend an average seven days a year in the country, pass an A2 Portuguese test, and then you can apply for citizenship with no extra capital outlay.

18 MIN READ

06 Aug 2025

EU Digital Nomad Visa – Live and Work in Europe Legally
Golden visaEU Digital Nomad Visa – Live and Work in Europe Legally If your job only requires a laptop, a good Wi-Fi connection, and your creative mind, there's no reason to stay anchored to one location. You have the freedom to work from anywhere, and you should embrace it!For digital nomads, those in remote work, freelancing, or running a business on the go, Europe is one of the best places to be. With a great quality of life, a variety of cultures, and solid infrastructure, it provides the perfect environment for remote living and working.Thanks to the popularity of remote work, many EU countries now offer specialized digital nomad visas. Obtaining it can simplify legal residency, provide tax advantages, and opens doors to potential citizenship opportunities.What is a Digital Nomad Visa?A digital nomad visa in Europe is a special type of residency permit designed for remote workers, freelancers, entrepreneurs, and digital nomads whose income comes from outside the country where they plan to live. It's a legal solution allowing digital nomads to reside and work in Europe without being employed by a local company.Unlike traditional work visas, a digital nomad visa in Europe recognizes that your employment or self-employment takes place remotely and outside the host nation. This unique arrangement means you can legally live in a European country without directly competing with local workers.In Europe, a digital nomad visa typically allows you to stay in the host country for periods ranging from several months to a couple of years, and it is often renewable. This can be your gateway to residency, long-term settlement, and, depending on the host nation's regulations, even citizenship opportunities.Securing a digital nomad visa in the EU can come with enticing financial rewards, such as tax benefits. Some European countries offer special tax policies for digital nomads, meaning you can enjoy the lifestyle you've dreamed of while also making a financially sound choice.Benefits of Digital Nomad Visas in EuropeOne of the most attractive perks of obtaining a digital nomad visa in Europe is the freedom to easily explore not just your chosen country but virtually the entire European Union. When you obtain a residency in one EU country, you will also have unrestricted access to all 27 countries within Europe's Schengen Area. You can enjoy a sunny beach in Portugal one week and go skiing in Switzerland the next, all without the hassle of travel permits.With remote work on the rise, more than a dozen European countries with digital nomad visas offer tailored residency programs for remote workers. Estonia, known for its advanced digital infrastructure, provides e-Residency, which allows digital nomads to manage their businesses entirely online, even remotely signing contracts and handling taxes digitally. Croatia hosts digital nomad villages like the one in Zadar, which features dedicated accommodation, coworking spaces, and social events exclusively for remote workers. Portugal, especially Lisbon and Madeira, actively supports nomads through thriving communities, budget-friendly coworking hubs, and plenty of meetups that make it easy to network.Financially speaking, the incentives can be substantial. Some European countries are offering tax breaks to attract remote workers. These tax incentives can be a huge draw for nomads looking to save on taxes while enjoying the freedom of working in Europe.Portugal's Non-Habitual Residency scheme provides remote workers with favorable tax rates on foreign-earned income for up to a decade. Likewise, Greece offers remote workers a substantial tax reduction, cutting their income tax by 50%.The diversity of culture, history, climate, and pace of life across Europe means there's something for everyone; you just need to find the destination that resonates the most with you.Best European Countries with Digital Nomad VisasAmong the numerous European countries with digital nomad visas, a handful have created conditions that can make the choice easier for you. These destinations have the right mix of long-term stability, tax incentives, and community that supports your work as well as your well-being. It doesn't matter if you're just planning a few years abroad or hoping for a permanent place to stay; these countries make it easier to feel at home.PortugalPortugal has become a favorite for a lot of people: travelers, expats, and now, digital nomads. The mix of ocean views, walkable cities, laid-back living, and great weather is hard to beat. Whether you're walking through Lisbon's hills, grabbing a glass of wine in Porto, or spending a few months in Madeira, you get the feeling that life there moves at a slower, more livable pace.For digital nomads, Portugal checks a lot of boxes. The Internet is reliable, coworking spaces are easy to find, and there's a growing remote work scene in cities big and small.Portugal Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameTemporary Stay Visa for Remote Work (Digital Nomad Visa)Visa DurationInitially valid for 1 year; renewableApplication Cost€75 (temporary stay visa) or €90 (long-term visa)Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €3,480 (4x Portuguese minimum wage)AccommodationProof of accommodation (e.g., rental agreement) requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkEmployment contract or evidence of freelance/business activity abroadTax BenefitsIFICI regime - favorable tax treatment for research and innovationProcessing TimeTypically 4–6 weeksFamily InclusionSpouse and dependent children can be includedCitizenship PathwayEligible after 5 years of legal residencyLanguage RequirementsNone required for visaCroatiaCroatia has a lot going for it: stunning coastline, historic towns, clear blue water, and more than a thousand islands scattered along the Adriatic. Towns like Dubrovnik and Split mix history with a relaxed, seaside atmosphere that's hard to beat.It's also become a strong option for digital nomads. Cities like Zadar and Dubrovnik have leaned into the remote work trend, building coworking spots, hosting community events, and launching dedicated nomad villages. The visa process is relatively smooth, and there's a growing number of expats and nomads who've already made Croatia home.Croatia Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameTemporary Stay Visa for Digital NomadsVisa DurationUp to 1 year, non-renewable (reapply after 6 months)Application Cost~100€Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €2,870 or €34,440 in savings for 12 monthsAccommodationProof of accommodation (e.g., rental agreement) requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory travel or private health insurance for the duration of stayProof of Remote WorkEmployment contract or proof of freelance/business work outside CroatiaTax BenefitsExempt from Croatian income tax on foreign earningsProcessing TimeVaries (submit online or at consulate)Family InclusionImmediate family members can join (additional income required)Citizenship PathwayNo direct pathway to citizenship or permanent residency is specified for this visaLanguage RequirementsNone (no language test for visa, only for citizenship later)EstoniaEstonia is one of those places where old and new actually work well together. Tallinn, the capital, is full of medieval streets and centuries-old buildings, but it's also one of the most digitally advanced cities in Europe. You'll find fast Internet everywhere, a strong startup scene, and a government that's made nearly everything accessible online.For digital nomads, especially those in tech, Estonia really stands out. Its e-Residency program lets you start and run a business remotely without ever needing to live there full time. It's a smart setup for freelancers, founders, or anyone who wants a simple way to manage work across borders.Estonia Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameEstonia Digital Nomad VisaVisa DurationUp to 1 year (non-renewable, new application required)Application CostApproximately €150Income RequirementMinimum monthly income €3,504AccommodationProof of accommodation requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkEmployment contract or proof of freelance/business activities abroadTax BenefitsNo tax obligations for income earned outside Estonia (up to 183 days)Processing TimeTypically 30 daysFamily InclusionImmediate family members allowedCitizenship PathwayNo direct citizenship pathway via this visaLanguage RequirementsNoneSpainSpain has long been a favorite for people drawn to its mix of loud cities, coastal living, and rich cultural life. Whether you're in the streets of Barcelona, grabbing tapas in Madrid, or catching a sunset in Valencia, Spain's charm is hard to beat. And if big cities aren't your thing, Spain's countryside and coastlines offer plenty of space to slow down.For remote workers, Spain offers more than a great lifestyle. There's strong infrastructure, solid healthcare, and one of the more appealing tax structures for foreigners, thanks to the Beckham Law. The growing community of digital nomads, especially in places like Valencia and Málaga, makes it easy to find your footing socially and professionally.Spain Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameSpain Digital Nomad Visa (Residence for Remote Work)Visa DurationInitially 1 year, renewable up to 5 yearsApplication CostApproximately €100-€200Income RequirementProof of monthly income at least 75% greater than the current minimal wage in Spain, with an additional 25% for each family member. Currently ~2100€ if you're applying alone.AccommodationProof of accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkContract with foreign employer or freelance income sources abroad.Tax BenefitsReduced tax rate (Beckham Law - 24% flat rate on income up to 5 years)Processing TimeTypically 20-30 daysFamily InclusionImmediate family is eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 10 years of legal residencyLanguage RequirementsNoneGreeceGreece is one of those countries that draws people in with history, but makes them stay for the pace of life. Athens is full of energy and ancient landmarks, while the islands, like Crete or Santorini, offer slower rhythms, stunning views, and sun-soaked days. The culture is warm and social, and the cost of living is still relatively low compared to much of Europe.For digital nomads, Greece brings something else to the table: generous tax breaks. If you qualify, you could cut your income tax in half for up to seven years. Add in solid Internet, affordable accommodation, and plenty of coworking options, and it's easy to see why more remote workers are planting roots here.Greece Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameGreece Digital Nomad Visa (Remote Worker Visa)Visa DurationInitially 1 year, renewableApplication CostApproximately €75Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €3,500AccommodationProof of local accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkProof of employment or self-employment outside GreeceTax Benefits50% income tax reduction for up to 7 yearsProcessing TimeTypically 20-30 daysFamily InclusionImmediate family members are eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 7 years of residencyLanguage RequirementsNoneMaltaMalta, an English-speaking Mediterranean island nation, seems to have it all: historical beauty, stunning beaches, and a welcoming international community. Cities such as Valletta and Sliema will pull you in with their historical architecture, beautiful harbors, and sunny weather.For remote workers, Malta checks the practical boxes. It offers a nomad visa specifically for non-EU citizens, and the fact that you won't be taxed on foreign income is a major plus. And with good Wi-Fi, a bunch of coworking spots, and affordable rent, if you avoid the tourist-heavy areas, you've got a simple, low-friction place to work and live.Malta Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameMalta Nomad Residence PermitVisa DurationInitially 1 year, renewableApplication CostApproximately €300Income RequirementMonthly income of at least €3,500AccommodationProof of secured accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkProof of remote employment or freelance work outside MaltaTax BenefitsNo taxation on foreign-sourced incomeProcessing TimeTypically 30 daysFamily InclusionImmediate family members are allowedCitizenship PathwayNo direct citizenship pathway via this visaLanguage RequirementsEnglish is widely spoken, and no formal test is requiredGermanyGermany offers high-functioning infrastructure and cultural depth that makes it one of the most reliable places to base yourself as a remote worker. Germany's big cities are easy to live in and even easier to work from. There's solid infrastructure, a strong economy, and no shortage of things happening, whether you're freelancing, building a business, or just need a steady base with good coffee and fast Wi-Fi.Germany's freelancer visa is one of the more comprehensive programs in Europe. It's not the quickest or simplest to apply for, but the benefits are clear: excellent healthcare, a strong economy, and an international network of professionals.Germany Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameGerman Freelance Visa ("Freiberufler Visa")Visa DurationInitially up to 3 years, renewableApplication CostApproximately €100Income RequirementProof of sufficient funds (minimum €9,000 in savings recommended)AccommodationProof of secured local accommodation requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid health insurance coverageProof of Remote WorkPortfolio, freelance contracts, or business plans requiredTax BenefitsStandard German taxation applies; no special incentivesProcessing TimeTypically 4-8 weeksFamily InclusionImmediate family eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 8 years of legal residencyLanguage RequirementsBasic German recommended (but not always mandatory)HungaryHungary isn't usually the first place people think of, but maybe it should be. Budapest especially has a way of pulling you in; it's affordable, full of personality, and easy to feel at home in. You'll find old bathhouses and faded cafés next to startup hubs and coworking spots, and the city stays alive long after the workday ends, with many places to unwind and parties to attend.Hungary's “White Card” digital nomad visa makes it possible to stay legally while working remotely, and it comes with a major benefit: no local taxes on foreign income. The city's cost of living is low, the Internet is fast, and it's easy to blend into the growing remote work community. It's an especially great choice if you want Europe without the Western European price tag.Hungary Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameHungary White CardVisa DurationValid for 1 year, renewable once (total 2 years maximum)Application CostApproximately €110Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €3,000AccommodationProof of local accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkEmployment contract or freelance agreements requiredTax BenefitsNo taxation on foreign-sourced incomeProcessing TimeTypically 30 daysFamily InclusionFamily members not includedCitizenship PathwayNo direct citizenship pathwayLanguage RequirementsNoneCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic offers the kind of timeless appeal people dream about, with castles, cobblestone streets, and skyline views filled with spires. Prague, in particular, balances its fairy-tale looks with a modern edge. The city is walkable, lively, and more affordable than many other European capitals.For freelancers and digital nomads, Prague has one of the more established expat communities. Coworking spaces are easy to find, the Internet is reliable, and there's a social scene for every niche. While the visa process can be a bit paperwork-heavy, once you're in, it's a smooth place to live and work.Czech Republic Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameCzech Freelance Visa (Živnostenský List)Visa DurationInitially 1 year, renewable up to 2 years at a timeApplication CostApproximately €200Income Requirement1.5 times greater than the average gross salary, ~2500AccommodationProof of local accommodation (lease or rental agreement)Health InsuranceMandatory valid health insuranceProof of Remote WorkProof of freelance business activities (contracts or invoices)Tax BenefitsStandard Czech taxation; no special incentivesProcessing TimeTypically 90-120 daysFamily InclusionImmediate family is eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 5 years of continuous residencyLanguage RequirementsNone requiredLatviaLatvia has a quiet appeal; it's peaceful, green, and easy to navigate. Riga, the capital, has a laid-back feel with a good mix of modern living and historical charm. The cost of living is reasonable, public transport is excellent, and you're never far from a forest or the sea.For remote workers, Latvia's digital nomad visa is pretty straightforward. The application process is clear, the Internet is fast, and coworking spots are available throughout the city. If you're looking for a calmer base with good access to the rest of Europe, Latvia is a solid, underrated option.Latvia Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameLatvia Digital Nomad VisaVisa DurationInitially 1 year, renewable for another yearApplication CostApproximately €120Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €3,843AccommodationProof of local accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid international health insuranceProof of Remote WorkEmployment or freelance contract requiredTax BenefitsNo taxation on foreign incomeProcessing TimeTypically 15-30 daysFamily InclusionFamily members eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 5 years of residencyLanguage RequirementsNoneCyprusCyprus offers you an island lifestyle with modern conveniences. You'll find beach towns with strong character, urban centers like Nicosia and Limassol that stay busy year-round, and an expat-friendly atmosphere where English is widely spoken. The climate is one of the best in Europe, and the food, shaped by both Mediterranean and Middle Eastern traditions, adds real depth to everyday life.For digital nomads, Cyprus makes a strong case. The visa is built specifically for remote workers, the tax system is favorable for foreign income, and the growing network of coworking spaces makes it easy to stay productive.Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa - Essential InformationInformationDetailsVisa NameCyprus Digital Nomad Residence PermitVisa DurationInitially 1 year, renewable up to 3 yearsApplication CostApproximately €70Income RequirementMinimum monthly income of €3,500AccommodationProof of accommodation is requiredHealth InsuranceMandatory valid health insuranceProof of Remote WorkProof of remote employment or business outside CyprusTax BenefitsAttractive tax benefits for income from abroadProcessing TimeTypically 5-7 weeksFamily InclusionImmediate family eligibleCitizenship PathwayPossible after 7 years of residencyLanguage RequirementsNone (English is widely spoken)Why is Portugal the Best Choice for a Digital Nomad Visa in Europe?Portugal consistently ranks as the top choice for obtaining a digital nomad visa in Europe, and for good reason. It combines affordable living, exceptional quality of life, beautiful weather, and stunning coastal and urban landscapes. Lisbon, Porto, and Madeira are known for thriving international communities, extensive coworking spaces, and strong Internet connectivity.Moreover, Portugal's IFICI tax regime makes it uniquely attractive for professionals, significantly reducing your tax burden on both Portugal and foreign-sourced income for up to a decade. This is a new tax regime in Portugal, a little bit different from its ancestor NHR, with a main focus on tax benefits for research and innovation.With a clear pathway from residency to citizenship after five years, Portugal offers stability, long-term planning benefits, and access to visa-free travel across 27 EU countries. Investing in Portugal through programs like the Golden Visa provides a straightforward route toward permanent European residency and citizenship, making it ideal for digital nomads aiming for greater freedom and mobility.How Bitizenship Simplifies Your Residency Process in PortugalGetting your residency in Portugal doesn't have to be complicated, especially when you're working with a team that knows the process inside out. At Bitizenship, we specialize in helping digital nomads and entrepreneurs navigate residency programs in Portugal with clarity and confidence.We'll guide you through your options, handle the legal paperwork with help from our trusted local partners, and make sure you understand how Portugal's tax system works, especially if you're earning income from abroad. If you're thinking beyond temporary residency, we also help clients invest in Portugal Golden Visa programs, offering a pathway to long-term residency that can lead to citizenship after five years. By doing this, you get the chance to truly enrich your nomadic lifestyle and get access to 27 countries in the Schengen area.With over 110 successful residency applications and years of experience in the Portuguese market, we've helped clients turn complex processes into clear, manageable steps so they can focus on settling in and building the life they want in Portugal.FAQ About Digital Nomad Visa in EuropeWhich EU country is the easiest to get a digital nomad visa in? Croatia is often considered the easiest digital nomad visa in Europe due to its straightforward requirements and quick processing times. Can I be a digital nomad in Europe? Yes, many European countries offer specialized digital nomad visas designed specifically for remote professionals. Which country is best for digital nomads in Europe? Portugal consistently ranks as the best country, combining lifestyle, affordability, tax benefits, and a welcoming community. Who qualifies for a digital nomad visa? Remote workers, freelancers, or entrepreneurs earning a stable income outside the host country generally qualify. Will there be new options for the digital nomad visa in Europe in 2025? Yes, more EU countries are expected to introduce or improve digital nomad visas by 2025 due to growing demand. What are the common digital nomad visa Europe requirements? Typically, proof of remote work, stable income, health insurance, accommodation, and a clean criminal record are required. Is there a tax-free digital nomad visa in Europe? Croatia and Hungary offer tax-free digital nomad visas on foreign-sourced income, significantly reducing financial burdens.

17 MIN READ

28 Jul 2025

Easiest Digital Nomad Visa: Work and Travel Without Hassle
Golden visaEasiest Digital Nomad Visa: Work and Travel Without Hassle For the enrichment of culture and, of course, economic benefits, countries now offer what is called a digital nomad visa to those with a remote job and a sense of wonder and adventure. But here’s the catch: many of them are buried in hidden fees or “gotcha” requirements.That’s why we’ve carefully compiled a list of the top 20 countries that offer a digital nomad visa, a logical step for those who dream of living in another country. Let’s find out which is the easiest digital nomad visa you can apply for.What is a Digital Nomad Visa?A digital nomad visa is a special type of visa built for remote workers that allows them to legally live and work in another country for an extended period without breaking immigration laws.  This visa is offered to those who make a living earning money via a remote job, have investments, are freelancing, or run a business outside the host country.It’s important to keep in mind that it does not allow you to take up local employment, so you must earn your income from abroad. Every country is unique with different sets of rules when it comes to these types of visas, but the overall process, on a fundamental level, is similar and looks like this:You must show all the required documents and prove that you work remotely for a foreign employer, own a business in another country, or are a freelancer.You must prove that you have a steady and stable source of income and can support yourself. Income requirements vary from country to country. However, generally, they aren’t particularly high, with many countries requiring about $50,000 per year.Once all documents are submitted, including proof of employment, bank statements, and health insurance, you must then pay the visa fee.This is, in full disclosure, extremely generalized. So, before applying for a digital nomad visa for a country, it’s best to read up on them specifically to understand all the nuances and little details.Benefits for Remote WorkersGetting a digital nomad visa has the obvious benefit of escaping the 9-to-5 grind and exploring the world without leaving your job behind. It also comes packed with a bunch of other benefits for remote workers, such as:You can stay six months to a few years without worrying about overstaying. This gives you the opportunity to explore cultures deeply without visa troubles hovering over you.With a digital nomad visa, you’re on the right side of the law and free from the risk of fines or deportation.Some countries offer tax breaks or even low/zero income tax for digital nomads, meaning more cash in your pocket. Places like Dubai and Barbados are known for these perks.Depending on which country you decide to go to, you can massively lower your living costs, especially when coming from the West. This indirectly allows you to enjoy a more lavish lifestyle in a new country with more savings on the same salary.These visas often allow you to open local bank accounts, sign up for long-term rental agreements, and even access health services.In some cases, these visas can lead to permanent residency down the road, so it gives you a more stable home base abroad. However, this isn’t guaranteed, nor should digital nomad visas be used for that purpose.What Makes a Digital Nomad Visa Easy to Get?Everyone who has ever seen work visa applications before understands that they are far from easy or convenient. From dealing with bureaucracy to attending appointments, the process is long and tedious.Digital nomad visas, on the other hand, defy this and make obtaining one as simple as possible. Besides having low-income requirements, here’s a list of reasons why a digital nomad visa is easier to obtain:1. Minimal Paperwork & Simple Application ProcessPaperwork isn’t particularly difficult, but it’s tedious and time-consuming. This slows the process down. The fewer documents required, the easier the process becomes. Many countries only ask for proof of income, remote work verification, health insurance, and a clean criminal record for digital nomad visas. Some countries, like Estonia, even allow online applications for added convenience.2. No Sponsorship or Job Offer RequiredFor traditional work permits, applicants need a company to sponsor them. Here, you merely need to prove you’re making money remotely. If that amount meets the requirement, your application can be processed.3. No Strict Education or Experience RequirementsThere are no requirements for educational qualifications or years of experience within a specific industry. Digital nomad visas do not take these factors into account. As long as you’re earning remotely and meet the basic requirements, you’re good to go.Moreover, the visa approval process is fairly straightforward and takes less time than a traditional work visa.Easiest Countries Offering Digital Nomad VisasEvery country has its set of rules and nuances when it comes to offering digital nomad visas, so it’s best to research the specific country you hope to visit. To make it easier, here’s a list of countries with the easiest processes and high selection rates. Some even offer unique perks.1. AnguillaThis British Overseas Territory in the Eastern Caribbean has a fairly straightforward process with minimal paperwork. Its digital nomad visa, the Work From Anguilla Certificate, has an application process that takes around 15 days.However, the visa cost is on the higher side, which is $2,000 for a one-year validity, after which you'd need to reapply. Families are welcome, and a minimum monthly income of about $4,160 is required.2. PortugalPortugal’s digital nomad visa is an extremely tempting proposition for remote workers. The simple online application process makes it easy to apply. The visa is valid for a year, with plenty of options for renewal. You must have a monthly income of around €2,800-€3,000.Also, Portugal's Golden Visa program is available for investors, requiring a minimum investment of €500,000 (or an alternative qualifying investment). While more resource-intensive, it offers a pathway to EU residency with low physical presence requirements.3. Antigua and BarbudaIf you’re looking for a longer stay from the outset, the Caribbean islands of Antigua and Barbuda offer you the chance to live there for up to two years with no local sponsorship requirements. The process requires minimal documents and allows online applications.The application fee is $1,500, and you will receive an update within 5–7 business days. The minimum income requirement is $50,000 per year.4. BarbadosThe Barbados Welcome Stamp is a special visa program introduced in 2020 to attract digital nomads to call this Caribbean island their new temporary home for 12 months, with the potential for renewal. The application cost is $2,000, with a higher price for family bundles.5. BermudaBermuda welcomes remote workers and university students attending online classes to live on the island for one year through its digital nomad visa program, which is renewable on a case-by-case basis. There is no set minimum income requirement, but you must provide bank statements to prove you can support yourself. Family inclusion is also possible.6. Cape VerdeIf you wish to live in an island paradise, Cape Verde’s Remote Working program makes it possible.Valid for 6–12 monthsNo complicated income requirementsJust show proof of €1,500/month in your bank accountThe best part is that you can apply online. Once it’s approved, you’ll have 30 days to land in Cape Verde and submit your documents. And to make it even better, your visa gets issued within 5 days of arrival, and you can bring your family along.7. ColombiaColombia’s Visa V Digital Nomads program aims to make the country highly appealing for remote workers. You can expect an answer within 30 days of submission, and the minimum monthly income requirement is only $1,100.8. Costa RicaCosta Rica’s “Pura Vida” philosophy makes it a popular choice for digital nomads. The country offers a visa option that allows you to live tax-free for up to two years. You will receive a response within 14 days after all necessary documents are provided.9. Curaçao@Home in Curaçao is a program designed for travelers, investors, and remote workers seeking a temporary home away from home. This digital nomad visa is valid for 6 to 12 months and has a fast processing time of about 30 days, with fees of only around $300.You must prove a steady income of approximately $2,500 per month, making it an attractive option for professionals who wish to relocate with their families.10. DominicaDominica’s WIN (Work In Nature) Program has quickly become popular among digital nomads in the Eastern Caribbean. This English-speaking island offers a visa that allows nomads to reside on the island for up to 18 months.The application process is efficient, typically taking between 14 and 28 days. To qualify, you need to show a minimum annual income of $50,000.The visa fee is set at $800 for individuals and $1,200 for families, and the required documents include a passport copy, proof of international health insurance covering Dominica, and evidence of remote work and income verification in English.Everything is submitted online, but applicants must visit Dominica within 30 days of visa approval.11. Dubai (UAE)Entering the UAE through its Virtual Working Program always seemed to be on the pricier side, but it has relaxed its requirements. It now offers a one-year residency for remote workers earning at least $3,500 per month.Applying is easy and completely online, and the processing time is merely seven days. A major seller for Dubai’s digital nomad visa is the perks it comes with, like schooling for local children, the ability to open bank accounts, and even the option to apply for loans. This has made it a very practical option for remote workers who have a family.12. GrenadaGrenada is a solid option if you’re thinking about relocating to the Caribbean. English is their official language, and there are no local income tax requirements, making it super remote worker-friendly. The only catch? You’ll need to apply the old-school way. That means mailing a physical package with your documents and a fee, which is $1,500 for individuals or $2,000 for families. It must be sent directly to the Grenadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. Once that’s done, you’re one step closer to enjoying tax-free island life.13. HungaryHungary’s digital nomad visa is one of the easiest to apply for in Europe, with low-income requirements, minimal paperwork, and a validity of up to one year. However, the main drawback is that you must attend an in-person interview and appointment. If that’s not a dealbreaker, the process is fairly simple, with approvals typically taking about a month.14. MalaysiaMalaysia’s digital nomad visa, known as the Professional Visit Pass, allows you to stay in the country for up to 12 months, with the option to renew for another year. Processing time is around 30 days, and the application fee is relatively low at $220 per person, with an additional $110 for dependents.However, the visa is only available to those working in digital industries, such as content creators, IT professionals, and digital marketers.15. MaltaMalta offers a one-year digital nomad visa, which can be extended up to three years. The visa fee is relatively low, and you must demonstrate a minimum monthly income of approximately €2,700.Additionally, Malta has a separate Golden Visa program for investors, which requires an investment of around €500,000 and offers a pathway to long-term EU residency and eventual citizenship.16. MauritiusMauritius has one of the easiest digital nomad visas in the world, as applications are free and approvals are typically granted within two days. You must show proof of remote income, usually requiring between $1,500 and $2,000 per month. You can also include family members in your application.All the necessary documents must be submitted in English or French.17. NamibiaNamibia’s digital nomad visa allows you to live in the country for six to twelve months. The application process is fully online, and the fee is only $62. However, you must prove a monthly income of at least $2,000.18. UruguayUruguay offers a fully online application process with a visa fee of just $10 upon collection. The country has no stated income requirements, making it accessible to a wide range of digital nomads.The cost of living is also reasonable, as a single person can live comfortably on $1,500 per month. With no local income tax and a business-friendly environment, this country is an attractive option for remote workers.19. AlbaniaAlbania introduced its digital nomad visa in 2022, offering an initial one-year stay, extendable up to five years. There’s no official minimum income requirement, but it’s recommended that you earn more than the country’s minimum wage to improve your approval chances. Visa costs range from $67 to $107.20. CroatiaCroatia’s digital nomad visa takes around two months to process and costs $139. You must show proof of a monthly income of $2,658. However, the visa is not renewable, so if you’re looking for long-term stays, it’d be better to consider other options.How Bitizenship Makes Your Digital Nomad Life in Portugal EasierIf living in Europe is your goal, and you’re a crypto-first investor or remote entrepreneur seeking something more permanent than a digital nomad visa, Portugal’s Golden Visa is a powerful alternative.It gives you long-term freedom to live, work, and invest in Europe without constantly renewing your visa. And the cherry on top? Bitizenship makes the entire journey super smooth.We help you skip the paperwork and legal headaches so you can focus on growing your business and living your best life. Here’s precisely how we make the entire process simpler:Expert Guidance: Having over a decade of experience and 110+ successful visa applications, it only makes sense for us to walk you through every step, including choosing the right investment and handling the paperwork.Done-For-You Service: We collaborate with top lawyers and tax experts in Portugal so you don’t waste time figuring things out on your own.Family-Friendly: The Portugal Golden Visa allows you to include your spouse and children, giving your whole family a secure path forward.Long-Term Benefits: While most digital nomad visas expire in a year or two, the Golden Visa can lead to permanent residency and even citizenship in the EU.Bitizenship is your shortcut to making your digital nomad lifestyle official, minus the stress. Less hassle. More adventure. Get in touch to Invest in Portugal Golden Visa today.Closing ThoughtsDigital nomad visas open up a world of opportunity by offering a legal and straightforward way to transform your lifestyle. A tip to keep in mind is to master your destination’s fine print. Think about income thresholds, residency rules, and tax implications before applying.With the support of a platform like Bitizenship, you can sidestep bureaucratic headaches, fast-track visa approvals, and even unlock smart tax strategies.FAQsWhat is the easiest country to be a digital nomad in? The easiest country for a digital nomad depends on visa requirements, ease and cost of applications, and overall cost of living. Considering these factors, Portugal, Albania, Costa Rica, Cape Verde, and Colombia offer simple digital nomad visa processes with reasonable income requirements and fast approvals. What is the easiest nomad visa to get? An easy nomad visa would have minimal paperwork, low or no income requirements, and a simple, fast, and online application process. Some of the easiest to obtain include those from Mauritius, Albania, Colombia, and Cape Verde. What is the fastest digital nomad visa to get? In terms of processing time, Dubai, Bermuda, and Barbados are among the fastest, with approvals typically taking less than a month. Dubai stands out, with approvals usually granted within 2–3 weeks. What is the lowest-income requirement digital nomad visa? Albania and Colombia have some of the lowest income requirements, at $815 per month and $750 per month, respectively.

14 MIN READ

07 Apr 2025

Citizenship by Investment Programs at a Glance: Portugal vs. the Caribbean
CitizenshipCitizenship by Investment Programs at a Glance: Portugal vs. the Caribbean Borders have blurred, and citizenship has become a strategic asset. In 2024, citizenship by investment programs have changed how wealthy people protect themselves and their families.The old ways of moving to a new country - waiting years for visas and permits - don't work for today's investors. They need speed, flexibility, and value.And many countries recognize this demand.Portugal stands out (Read also: European Citizenship by Investment: Why Invest in Portugal?). While Malta and Caribbean countries offer quick direct citizenship by investment, Portugal's golden visa program and residency give investors something different: A clear path to European citizenship, low investment requirements, and minimal time commitments.The Portugal golden visa is not a typical investment program. In this guide, we'll showcase how Portugal is instead a bridge to the world's most powerful passport and the entire European Union. The Current State of Caribbean Citizenship by InvestmentIn 1984, St. Kitts and Nevis created the first citizenship by investment program. Their simple idea caught on fast: Come invest money and stimulate our economy. In exchange for your investment in our country, we'll grant you citizenship.Today, five Caribbean countries offer these programs, each trying to win over global investors.Here's what at least $200,000 buys you in the Caribbean:St. Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment ProgramOne of the most popular citizenship by investment programs in the world is in St. Kitts and Nevis. The strongest travel document of all five Caribbean citizenship by investment jurisdictions, their passport allows citizens visa free access to roughly 157 countries.The key decision for investors is choosing between three minimum investment routes: A) the national development fund Sustainable Island State Contribution at $250,000, B) the Public Benefit Option at $250,000, or C) a real estate investment starting at $325,000.St. Kitts and Nevis offers the most extensive visa-free travel network, proven program stability, and no physical presence requirements either before or after citizenship. Their real estate option requires a seven-year holding period, but this longer commitment comes with potential returns on investment.And for families, additional dependents can be added for $25,000 per person under 18 and $50,000 for those over 18.Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment ProgramThe second most popular citizenship by investment program in the Caribbean is in Antigua and Barbuda.Their program provides four minimum investment options: a $230,000 National Transformation Fund contribution, a $260,000 University Fund option that includes one year of tuition-free education, a real estate investment at $300,000, or an option to invest in an eligible business project in Antigua and Barbuda.They give successful applicants a passport with visa free travel to 151 countries. Investors must spend five days there in the five years after their application for citizenship is approved.Dominica Citizenship by Investment ProgramDominica offers one of the more affordable routes to direct citizenship by investment in the region.Dominica provides visa-free travel to 140 countries and maintains strict due diligence standards, just as the other programs. You can obtain citizenship in Dominica through two clear routes: a non-refundable $200,000 Economic Diversification Fund contribution or real estate investment of $200,000 in a government approved property. Their real estate option requires a five-year holding period, but this comes with potential returns through rental income or property appreciation.Plus, Dominican citizens enjoy zero tax on worldwide income, and the program requires no physical residency requirements. Their passport opens doors to 145 countries.Grenada Citizenship by Investment ProgramA unique citizenship by investment opportunity that offers E2 visa eligibility to the United States, citizenship in Grenada requires a minimum investment of $235,000.Citizenship in Grenada includes two investment options: a $235,000 National Transformation Fund contribution or real estate investment starting at $270,000. For global investors and entrepreneurs seeking US market access, the E-2 visa treaty provides a unique advantage unavailable through other Caribbean programs.Similar to the aforementioned jurisdictions, Grenada citizenship by investment includes visa-free travel to 140 countries.St. Lucia Citizenship by Investment ProgramRounding out the five Caribbean citizenship by investment options, St. Lucia offers citizenship for investments starting at $240,000.Their program provides two distinct citizenship investment paths: a $240,000 National Economic Fund contribution and a $300,000 government bond option (which is unique among Caribbean programs), including a 100% redemption after five years. Despite their longer processing times relative to neighboring jurisdictions, citizenship in St. Lucia includes visa-free travel to 140 countries and zero tax on worldwide income.Limits of Caribbean Citizenship by Investment ProgramsBut Caribbean citizenship programs have limits. These passports don't give you:Access to the United States or Canada without visasThe right to live and work in major economies or other countriesStrong financial centers for your international bank accountsTop-tier healthcare and educationGeopolitical weight in global affairsPlus, several countries and organizations view these programs with suspicion. The European Union, the United States, and other regional powers have put checks on Caribbean passport holders in recent years, leading the five Caribbean citizenship by investment units to implement a Memorandum of Understanding and standardize processes and due diligence in 2024.The investment requirements are more lenient here than in other countries' residency and citizenship by investment programs. And, direct investment through Caribbean programs is faster than traditional immigration processes.But forward-thinking foreign investors are increasingly looking beyond the price tag. They ask: What real value does this citizenship give me and my future generations?This question and its answers has pushed investors to look at alternative citizenship and residency programs, especially golden visas in European countries like Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Hungary.European Residency and Citizenship by InvestmentApart from the Caribbean, Europe leads in citizenship and residency by investment programs. But unlike the Caribbean programs' standardized requirements, each European jurisdiction sets its own rules, costs, and benefits.Malta Citizenship by Investment ProgramMalta runs Europe's most expensive citizenship program. The direct citizenship by investment requires at least a €600,000 donation to the government (€700,000 if choosing a 12-month residency period vs. the 36-month standard option) and a €700,000 in direct investment in Maltese property or a €16,000 annual lease. Plus, each dependent on the application costs an additional €50,000.If all investment requisites are complete, Malta citizenship gives you full European Union rights to live, work, and study in all EU countries.Malta Permanent Residence ProgramMalta also offers a residency by investment program similar to Portugal's. After proving the required assets under control (€500,000 to be maintained throughout the first five years), investors must contribute €80,000 to the government of Malta and buy a property worth at least €375,000, or they can donate €110,000 to Malta and rent a property in Malta for five years with an annual lease of at least €14,000.In addition, each dependent on the application costs €10,000. And investors must donate €2,000 to an approved charity in Malta.Türkiye Citizenship by Investment ProgramTürkiye offers a faster path to citizenship than Malta. Investors must purchase $500,000 worth of local real estate or keep $500,000 in Turkish banks for three years. However, the latter bank deposit option is now exposes investors to sometimes extreme currency volatility.Investors in the Turkish citizenship by investment program can obtain citizenship in 3-4 months. Moreover, their program attracts international investors because of:No language testNo residency rulesNo dual citizenship prohibitionsFast processing timeLower investment requirements than EU optionsHowever, Türkiye isn't in the EU. Though their passport allows investors visa free access to 110 countries (far fewer than Malta's 186 countries), it does not allow for residency, labor, or education rights in the European Union like Malta's does.Citizenship by Investment vs. Residency by Investment ProgramsAs citizenship by investment programs undergo more scrutiny from world governments and organizations, residency by investment may be a safer bet in the long-term. Why? Investors must dedicate some time to actually living in the country before naturalizing as a citizen of the country.Most citizenship by investment programs do not require any physical presence of their investors and therefore, leave room for scrutiny.Although residency by investment programs require a longer time horizon, they are more affordable for investors and create actual ties to the country via naturalization. Here's how the world's most popular residency by investment program works:Portugal's Golden Visa Residency ProgramPortugal's golden visa program requires €500,000 in investment in local business establishments or investment funds. After 5 years of minimal physical presence requirements (7 days a year on average in Portugal) and a basic A2-level Portuguese language test, you can apply for permanent residency or even citizenship. (You might also be interested in: 8 Reasons to Invest in Portugal)Successful applicants of the residency program obtain:Residency rights in PortugalPath to EU citizenshipVisa-free travel in EuropeIn comparison to other golden visa residency programs in Europe, Portugal's investment options and requirements stand out. (Read also: Why Portugal is the Obvious Choice Among European Golden Visas)Greece's residence permit requires €250,000 in real estate conversion or renovation or in local startups. But foreign nationals must live there 6 months each year and learn fluent Greek to qualify for citizenship after 7 years.Italy's investment visa starts at €250,000 for local innovative startups, €500,000 for companies, or €2 million in government bonds. But investors must reside in the country for more than 6 months a year for 10 years to apply for citizenship.Hungary recently re-introduced their golden visa residency program. Residency in Hungary requires a €250,000 investment in real estate investment funds or a €1 million donation to Hungarian higher education institutions. The path to citizenship is unclear.Most foreign investors choose the residency-to-citizenship route through Portugal. Why?Lower investment requirements than MaltaFaster citizenship than Greece or ItalyEasier language rulesMinimal physical presence requiredClear process to EU citizenship after 5 years of maintaining the visaPlus, Portugal's program has several investment options through funds and business options. This flexibility lets investors match their immigration goals with their investment strategy.How to Obtain Portugal's Golden VisaInvestment PathsSince the program was introduced in 2012, Portugal has changed its qualification rules. Here are the current qualifying investments for the Portugal golden visa:€500,000 Investment in Regulated Funds:Investment funds focused on Portuguese companiesPotential indirect exposure to digital assets and cryptocurrencyVenture capital or private equity funds€500,000 Business Investment:Start or join a Portuguese companyCreate at least 10 permanent jobs€500,000 Donation to Scientific Institutions or Projects€250,000 Arts and Culture Donation:Donate to preserve national heritageSupport arts programsFund cultural projectsEach investment route has different risks and rewards. Investment funds give you professional management and a clear exit after 5 years. Business investments let you control your money but may require more documentation and actual involvement in the business, especially with the job creation requisite. The lower price point donations do not offer any potential return on investment.Meanwhile, investment funds stand out as the most popular choice. Why?Professional fund managers handle investmentsRegulated by Portuguese authoritiesClear investment strategyRegular reportingExit options after year 5Simple to maintain for visa renewalThis optionality makes Portugal's golden visa program unique. Other countries may force you into real estate. Portugal lets you invest your way – into the asset class that best fits with your strategy.Path to European CitizenshipThe most desired feature of the Portugal golden visa is the ongoing requirements and flexibility they offer. Investors must only spend 7 days a year in Portugal to get EU citizenship. No other European country makes it this easy. (Read also: This is the Ultimate Passport Portfolio You Didn’t Know You Needed)Here's the step-by-step path to Portuguese citizenship:Year 1:Countdown to citizenship starts at application submissionMake your qualifying investmentGet your temporary residence permitSpend 7 days in PortugalYour temporary residence permit lets you settle in Portugal, explore 31 European countries freely, and access the EU's world-class healthcare system. While residency in Portugal does not require relocation, many families use this time to enroll their children in top European schools. You can also start building your European financial base by opening EU bank accounts and establishing businesses across the continent.Year 2-3:Keep your investment activeMaintain valid visaStart learning basic PortugueseSpend 14 days in Portugal (over 2 years)Year 4-5:Keep your investment activeMaintain valid visaSpend 14 days in Portugal (over 2 years)Reach A2 Portuguese language levelThen, after investors complete five years of residency and all other requirements, they can submit their permanent residence or citizenship application. After you receive Portuguese citizenship, your opportunities expand dramatically.Investors gain the right to live, work, and study in any of the 27 EU countries. Your children can live in Paris, go to university in Greece, or start a company in Sweden – all while keeping your original Portuguese citizenship. The EU rights you gain last forever and pass down to future generations.Look at the alternatives: Caribbean passports offer quick processing but zero EU access. Malta's program costs three times more for the same EU rights. Greece demands you live there six months every year for seven years to qualify for citizenship.Portugal's program checks many proverbial boxes: Reasonable investment, minimal time requirements, and a clear route to full EU citizenship rights and one of the world's strongest passports.ConclusionCaribbean citizenship programs offer quick passports but limited value. Malta costs significantly more than alternatives. Türkiye sits outside the EU. Greece and Italy demand too much time in-country to reasonably qualify for citizenship.This is why Portugal's golden visa stands alone: Lowest physical presence rules in Europe, flexible investment options, and a clear path to EU citizenship and residency rights across the region.If you're interested in applying for the golden visa or learning more about how it fits in your portfolio, contact our team for a personal consultation about your Portuguese golden visa application.

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07 Mar 2025

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