Citizenship in the
Bitcoin Age

Bitizenship is a pioneering advisory firm promoting the Golden Visa-eligible fund in Portugal focused on the Bitcoin ecosystem.

As Seen On

Cointelegraph
Portugal News
Bitcoin.com
Espresso
Business Insider
Nomad Capitalist
IMI Daily
The Pomp Letter
Negocios

Bitizenship's Mission

We’re on a mission to design the future of global citizenship.

We are committed to redefining what it means to be a global citizen by creating innovative Bitcoin-driven pathways for freedom, mobility, and opportunity.

Bitizenship is the promoter of the Bitcoin ecosystem fund, managed by 3 Comma Capital, the only crypto-focused licensed asset manager in Portugal. Our fund owns and operates real Portuguese companies with Bitcoin on their balance sheets, providing exposure to secure, lowest-fee ETFs by BlackRock and Bitwise.

110+

Golden Visa processing handled

1

Fund advised

10+

Years in tech

08

Years in Portugal

The Portuguese Golden Visa

Your window to Europe, the Portuguese Golden Visa is safe, convenient, and perfect for your family.

Learn more

Gain European residency and citizenship for you and your family. Enjoy the freedom to live, work, do business, and access education and healthcare services across these nations.

 

Offer your children the unparalleled opportunity to design the future they want, with no restriction.

  • 01

    Visa-free travel through 27 EU countries in the Schengen Zone.

  • 02

    Minimal staying requirements. Simply visit for 14 days every two years and progress towards citizenship in just five years.

  • 03

    European residency and citizenship for you and your family.

  • 04

    Access to high standard quality Education and Healthcare. Benefit from access to Portugal's education and healthcare systems.

  • 05

    We ensure complete transparency regarding the total costs and fees associated with the Visa Program.

We’re building the future of global citizenship

We manage success for you, end-to-end assistance.

Learn More
Your Application Made Easy.
We provide you complete application support package, a combination of talent, experience and software that dramatically improves your application experience and outcome
The ideal solution for modern citizens.
  • End-to end Assistance
  • Digital-enabled
  • We partner with the best
Family-Focused
Opportunities.
Golden Visa programs are designed with families in mind.
Tech-native and immigration track-record.
  • 10+ years in tech
  • Over 110 Golden Visa procedures managed
  • Previous experience in sponsoring Portuguese Golden Visa Funds

FOR OUR READERS

The Bitizenship Blog.

Read All
European Citizenship by Investment: Why Invest in Portugal?
CitizenshipEuropean Citizenship by Investment: Why Invest in Portugal? The European citizenship by investment landscape is full of options from Portugal and Malta to Greece and Italy. Millions of investors recognize the value of EU citizenship as crucial in a diversified investment portfolio. Citizenship in the European Union can unlock visa-free travel to 180 countries and territories around the world and provide significant benefits to the modern, high-net-worth investor and entrepreneur. But among EU countries offering residency and citizenship by investment opportunities, Portugal stands apart (Read also: Why Portugal is the Obvious Choice Among European Golden Visa) Through investment programs like Bitizenship's Golden Visa-eligible Web3 companies fund, investors can obtain residency in Portugal and obtain EU citizenship in just five years. Below, we will articulate 3 reasons why wealthy individuals are flocking to Portugal and choosing to invest in the residency by investment scheme over its alternatives (You might also be interested in: Portugal, your window to Europe) 3. European Union Citizenship and Access through a Single Investment The European Union offers one of the world's most attractive citizenship benefits packages. While most EU passports offer visa-free access to over 180 countries, obtaining citizenship in any European Union country will also provide full residency, labor, and education rights across all 27 member states. As an EU member state, Portugal and its Golden Visa program offer similar benefits. Through Bitizenship's regulated fund structure, investors can secure these privileges for themselves and their family members with a single €500,000 investment and flexible physical presence requirements. Rights and Privileges of EU Citizenship After five years of maintaining Golden Visa status and obtaining citizenship in Portugal (an EU country), international investors unlock an EU citizen's privileges. From Mediterranean coastal cities to Nordic technology hubs, EU citizens have unrestricted residency rights throughout the European Union. Additionally, EU citizens can study at higher educational institutions, access healthcare, and travel visa-free throughout other EU countries. The program's benefits extend far beyond basic travel rights. Golden Visa holders who convert their residency to EU citizenship gain full access to the EU labor market, enabling them to pursue business opportunities, investment options, and employment across all member states. This flexibility is particularly valuable for entrepreneurs and professionals seeking to expand their business or investment portfolio in Europe (Read also: This is the Ultimate Passport You Didn't Know You Needed). Healthcare integration represents another crucial advantage. Even as residence permit holders, Golden Visa investors can access some of Europe's world-renowned medical systems and top-tier care in Portugal. Unlike traditional residency or citizenship by investment programs that limit mobility, lifestyle, and investment options to a single country, Portugal's residency program opens doors to each of the 27 EU countries. What Makes Portugal's Golden Visa Attractive? Perhaps most important to global investors and entrepreneurs, Portugal's residency program requires minimal physical presence – just seven days in the first year and fourteen days in the subsequent two-year periods before citizenship eligibility. This flexibility allows investors to maintain their current lifestyle and still qualify for EU citizenship without relocating their family. In summary, these are just some of the privileges EU citizenship provides: Complete freedom of movement and residency across 27 EU member states Full EU labor market participation rights in Investment and banking privileges Integrated healthcare systems World-class educational institutions Unrestricted Schengen Area travel Through Bitizenship's Web3 companies fund, investors can secure these EU benefits while maintaining exposure to innovative, high-growth technology companies. Portugal's residency program and Golden Visa combines traditional residency and citizenship benefits with forward-thinking investment strategy. That's why Portugal rivals citizenship by investment programs as a critical investment tool for high-net-worth individuals. Comparing Other EU Citizenship and Residence by Investment Programs When comparing other European Union citizenship by investment programs and residence permits, Portugal's Golden Visa program stands apart because of its flexibility. Malta's citizenship program requires a minimum investment of €690,000 plus mandatory property purchase (or five-year lease). Despite Malta's citizenship program being the quickest to dual citizenship, its investment thresholds hold back many potential investors. If investors of Spain's now-defunct Golden Visa program desired Spanish citizenship, they would have had tax obligations as 183 days of annual presence were required to qualify in ten years. Greece demands €250,000 in real estate. However, investors must live in Greece for at least six months, speak with language proficiency, and create strong societal ties to qualify for Greek citizenship. Portugal, on the other hand, offers the fastest path of residency programs to obtain EU citizenship, a clear €500,000 investment threshold, minimal presence requirements, and few other criteria for EU citizenship qualification. Maltese Passport and Direct Citizenship by Investment: Minimum investment: €600,000-€750,000 government donation (to be used for Malta's economic development) and real estate investment worth €700,000 or annual lease of €16,000 (held for five years) Processing time: 12-36 months depending on investment route Additional costs: Charity donation of €10,000 and dependent costs Malta Golden Visa and Residence Permit: Investment requirements: €80,000 donation and €300,000 real estate purchase or annual lease of €14,000 (held for five years) Path to citizenship: Rare naturalization Processing time: 6-8 months Additional costs: Charity donation of €2,000 and dependent costs Greece Golden Visa and Residence Permit: Real estate investment: €250,000 in a commercial-to-residential conversion or a refurbished property or €400,000 in 120 m2 property investment in lesser-populated areas (€800,000 in purchased real estate in Attica, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini, and islands with a population of 3,100+) Path to citizenship: Rare naturalization (language proficiency and substantial presence required for 7+ years) Processing time: 6-12 months Additional costs: Dependent costs Italian Golden Visa and Residence Permit: Minimum investment: €2 million in Italian government bonds, €500,000 in Italian shares (or €250,000 in innovative start-ups, or €1 million in Italian projects of social benefit Path to citizenship: 180+ days of physical presence required for 10 years Processing time: 6-8 months Portugal's Residence Permit and Golden Visa: Investment required: €500,000 in Portuguese private equity and venture capital investment funds (e.g. Bitizenship's Web3 companies fund); €500,000 in scientific project donations; €500,000 in a local Portuguese company and job creation; or €250,000 in non-refundable financial contribution to cultural heritage preservation Passport strength: Visa-free travel to 177 countries Path to citizenship: 7+ days of physical presence required per year for 5 years Processing time: 12 months As obtaining EU citizenship and a European passport becomes more difficult, Portugal's residency program stands out from other EU countries for its flexibility, minimal requirements, and fast-track to dual citizenship (Read also: Dual Citizens Like Elon Musk and Peter Thiel Rule World: Why and How to get Dual Citizenship). Bitizenship's Unique Value Proposition Unlike alternative citizenship by investment programs (e.g. Malta citizenship) that require direct property investment or government bonds, Portugal's approach aligns long-term mobility benefits with forward-thinking investment strategy. Providing exposure to the Bitcoin ecosystem, Bitizenship's Web3 companies fund satisfies Portugal's capital transfer via fund investment requirements. Managed by Green One Capital with professional oversight of investments, the fund complies with all Golden Visa criteria. The regulated fund offers professional fund management, clear exit strategy after the five-year holding period, and institutional-grade custody solutions. For global investors seeking EU citizenship by investment, Portugal's residency program and Golden Visa combines the lowest presence requirements with innovative investment opportunities. These features of Bitizenship's fund position it as the optimal route to citizenship by investment in an EU country. 2. Geographical and Geopolitical Advantages of Portuguese Residency Portugal's position as a stable EU member state far from conflict zones makes it ideal for high-net-worth individuals concerned about their and their family's future. As the 4th most peaceful EU country and the world's 7th most peaceful country overall according to the 2024 Global Peace Index, Portugal maintains neutrality and a safe environment for families who've chosen it as their home. Distance, Neutrality, and Balance Unlike many EU countries that face direct geopolitical pressures, Portugal's location on Europe's western edge provides insulation from ongoing and future conflicts. As a member of both NATO and the European Union, investors in a golden passport have the security of Western alliances without the heightened risk profile of Eastern European or Balkan nations. Portugal's diplomatic strategy mirrors its geography: Balance. The EU country has created relationships with emerging powers and numerous countries worldwide. Particularly evident in Portugal's constructive engagement with BRICS nations and its membership in NATO, this dynamic creates a stable, balanced environment for international investors seeking European citizenship. The world is increasingly multipolar. For citizenship by investment seekers, investment programs in balanced, pragmatic countries are attractive. And despite their membership in several global organizations, Portugal maintains a relatively neutral attitude toward global geopolitical affairs and conflicts. Political and Financial Stability The country's economy is strong. While many countries offer residency or citizenship by investment programs to offset government hurdles, Portugal's economic stability within the European Union creates a secure foundation for residency by investment. Inflation rates are below European Union benchmarks. And being the only country that has a GDP growth rate above 1.9% (outpacing most EU countries), the country offers a reliable economy for long-term investment planning. Foreign investors benefit from protection. The Golden Visa program operates within established Portuguese and EU law, ensuring investment security through: EU-level oversight of financial institutions Transparent investment regulations Banking sector stability Through Bitizenship's regulated fund structure, investors receive additional protection like professional management of funds, institutional-grade custody, and regular reporting requirements. This security framework positions Portugal's ten-year old residency program as one of the most stable routes and citizenship investment options globally. For investors seeking European citizenship through economic contribution programs, Portugal's combination of political stability, legal protection, and economic growth provides an unmatched foundation for long-term wealth preservation and global mobility. For high-net-worth individuals who desire more visa-free travel, a second citizenship, and residency rights that only EU citizens can obtain, European citizenship is the ideal investment option. And among European citizenship by investment routes, Portugal's citizenship program is the most flexible and stable. 1. Ultimate Plan B Security for Generational Wealth As high-net-worth individuals have known for a century, a well-diversified portfolio is key to wealth preservation. In the same sense, contemporary investors and entrepreneurs have found that a second citizenship provides opportunities that they would not have otherwise: More residency options More tax optimization options More mobility and travel access More investment and banking privileges More education opportunities for their children A Portuguese passport has emerged as one of the world's most powerful travel documents, offering visa-free access to over 180 countries and territories, and Plan Bs for these investors. As such, this makes EU citizenship in Portugal an essential component of any second citizenship strategy. The Strong Portuguese Passport Beyond visa-free travel access, an EU passport holder has critical advantages. As a member state of the EU, citizenship in Portugal offers diplomatic protection across the globe, ensuring assistance through Portugal's and the European Union's extensive consular network. Although an investor does not hope this protection becomes necessary, it is increasingly valuable as tensions rise and geopolitical alliances shift. An EU passport holder also has benefits in the European Union, of course. To start, the banking and investment opportunities are significant in a world of increasing financial and regulatory restrictions. For those investing from outside the EU, Portuguese citizenship opens doors to EU financial institutions, banking services, and investment projects across the region. For those seeking ultimate Plan B security, Portuguese EU citizenship represents a strategic asset that provides generational protection for your family's wealth, mobility, and personal freedom. Family Member Inclusion Portugal's Golden Visa stands out for its family inclusion benefits. Portugal's program allows investors to include in their application family members like dependent children, spouses, and dependent parents for low additional fees. Portuguese Permanent Residency and Citizenship By citizenship by investment industry standards, the path to permanent residency and citizenship is remarkably straightforward. To qualify for either route, Golden Visa holders need only spend seven days in Portugal during the first year and fourteen days in each subsequent two-year period and maintain their original investment. After five years, investors can apply for permanent residency or proceed directly to EU citizenship after passing a basic Portuguese language test. This flexible presence requirement distinguishes Portugal's program from other EU citizenship options. While Malta's economic citizenship program does not demand any physical presence after obtaining the EU citizenship, Greece requires at least six months of annual residence for seven or more years to qualify for Greek citizenship. Therefore, Portugal allows investors to obtain European citizenship with minimal disruption to their current lifestyle and business commitments. Permanent residency vs. citizenship Permanent residency allows an individual and their family to live, work, and study in Portugal just as EU citizenship does. They also can access public services and social security as Portuguese citizens can. However, they do not have other privileges reserved for Portuguese citizenship, including the right to vote in Portugal and EU-wide residency, education, healthcare, and labor rights. Through Bitizenship's Web3 companies fund, investors can secure these lifelong benefits while maintaining exposure to Bitcoin-focused innovation (You might also be interested in: Why Every Bitcoiner Should Invest in Alternative Citizenship). Our regulated fund structure satisfies all Golden Visa requirements while positioning families for long-term participation in the digital economy. For investors and families seeking a second citizenship, Portuguese citizenship through investment offers unmatched benefits, which few countries can tout. From the program's flexibility to its path to obtaining citizenship, EU citizenship and an effective Plan B creates the opportunity for a lasting legacy. Portugal: The Ultimate Diversification Investment Program Portugal's residency and Golden Visa program and second citizenship offers benefits that make it an important element of any investment portfolio. The program's clear path to EU citizenship, combined with flexible and minimal presence requirements, creates a powerful asset for generations to come. To learn more about securing your family's future through Portuguese residency permit then citizenship, visit Bitizenship.com to explore our Web3 companies fund structure and Golden Visa qualification process.

12 MIN READ

20 Feb 2025

Everything You Need to Know About Dual Citizenship in Portugal
PortugalEverything You Need to Know About Dual Citizenship in Portugal A second passport could be about more than travel freedom; it gives you options.  If you're looking for long-term stability, securing rights in the place you've chosen to live in, or want to pass down legal benefits to your children, dual citizenship in Portugal offers a legal path to do all of that while staying connected to your home country. Portugal has become one of the most appealing places in Europe to establish a second citizenship. Whether you're planning to live here full-time or just want to make your position in the country more permanent, it's worth understanding how Portugal's dual citizenship works and what it can offer you. Does Portugal Allow Dual Citizenship? Yes, Portugal allows dual citizenship without requiring you to give up your original nationality. That applies whether you're from the U.S., Brazil, the U.K., or most other countries with reciprocal policies. This means you can become a Portuguese citizen and still hold your current passport, keeping your voting rights, property rights, and healthcare access in both countries.  You're recognized fully in both legal systems. Portugal does not penalize or restrict people for holding another citizenship alongside Portuguese, and this policy is written into the law. This matters a lot for people with long-term plans.  Let’s say you’ve been living in Portugal for several years, paying taxes, enrolling your kids in school, or maybe even running a business. Gaining Portuguese dual citizenship would let you vote in national elections, get an EU passport, and avoid having to constantly renew residency permits or worry about future immigration changes.  And you can do it all without losing your original citizenship. What Exactly is Dual Citizenship in Portugal? Dual citizenship in Portugal means you're legally recognized as a citizen of both Portugal and your original country. You don’t have to choose one over the other; you hold the rights and responsibilities of both. That includes things like the ability to vote, access healthcare, own property, and work freely across the EU. What’s important to understand is that dual citizenship is not the same as residency. Residency gives you permission to live in the country, but it comes with conditions: renewals, minimum stay requirements, and limited political rights. Citizenship, on the other hand, is permanent. You can leave the country for years and still come back with full legal rights. Citizenship also gives you access to a Portuguese passport, which is one of the strongest in the world. As a citizen, you can live and work in any EU country without a visa, and you get consular protection anywhere in the world from both countries you’re a citizen of. Why Choose Portugal for Dual Citizenship? Portugal isn’t the only country that allows dual citizenship, but it’s one of the most accessible and practical countries for long-term residents.  For people already living there, or seriously considering a move, it’s one of the best European countries to get naturalized in, and the benefits stretch far beyond the border. One major reason people choose dual citizenship in Portugal is the access it provides to the European Union. A Portuguese passport gives you the legal right to live, work, and study in any EU member state without needing a visa. This can completely change your career options, investment strategy, or family planning. Healthcare and education are also a big part of the draw. Portugal’s public healthcare system is ranked among the best in the world in terms of cost-to-quality ratio. As a citizen, you can use it without restrictions. Public universities are affordable, and your children, if they’re also citizens, are eligible too. From a legal and financial standpoint, citizenship brings more stability. You’re not tied to the changing rules of a visa or residency permit. There’s no need to constantly reapply or prove your income. What You Can Do with Portuguese CitizenshipWhy It MattersLive and work in any EU countryExpand job and business opportunitiesEnroll in public healthcareAccess affordable care without extra feesSend kids to public schools/universitiesLower education costs and full eligibilityBuy property without restrictionsFewer legal hurdles and better financingTravel visa-free to 190+ countriesEasier mobility for work and personal lifeVote in local and national electionsFull political rights and civic participationPass citizenship to your children automaticallyBuild legal security across generations Who Is Eligible for Portuguese Dual Citizenship? Portugal offers a relatively accessible path to citizenship compared to many other EU countries. Whether you’ve been living in Portugal for years or have family ties to the country, the system is built to accommodate long-term integration.  Best of all, Portugal fully allows dual nationality, so if your home country does too, you won’t have to renounce anything. Here’s a breakdown of the main routes to obtaining dual citizenship in Portugal, and what each one involves: Citizenship by Descent (Jus Sanguinis) If you have at least one Portuguese parent, you’re likely already eligible. You don’t need to meet a residency requirement or pass a language test. All you need is documented proof of your lineage: birth certificates, marriage certificates, and official records that show the family link. If your grandparent was Portuguese but your parent didn’t claim citizenship, you can still apply, provided you show a meaningful connection to Portugal. That can include time spent in the country, cultural ties, or even language skills. This option is often used by Brazilian, Angolan, Cape Verdean, or Goan nationals with Portuguese ancestry, but it applies to anyone with the appropriate lineage. Citizenship by Marriage or Civil Union If you’re married to a Portuguese citizen or have been in a legally registered civil partnership for at least three years, you can apply for citizenship through that relationship. The process is simpler than naturalization and doesn’t require continuous residency in Portugal. You will, however, need to prove the relationship is genuine and ongoing, and pass a basic Portuguese language test (A2 level). Living in Portugal can help strengthen your case, but it isn’t strictly necessary. Be aware that “de facto unions” (non-married couples living together) are recognized if they’re registered properly and meet the minimum duration requirement. This is often overlooked by applicants who assume it’s only for legally married couples. Citizenship by Naturalization This is the most common route for expats, digital nomads, and immigrants who’ve built their lives in Portugal. To qualify, you must: Have lived legally in Portugal for at least 5 years. Be able to speak basic Portuguese (A2 level). Have a clean criminal record. Be registered with the Tax Authority (Finanças) and Social Security if applicable. Provide proof of stable accommodation and income. The five-year clock starts from the date you receive your first legal residence permit, not from when you arrive as a tourist. Time spent on visas such as D7, D8 (digital nomad visa), or golden visas counts toward this. If you came through Portugal’s Golden Visa program, you’re still eligible for dual citizenship in Portugal through naturalization. The key advantage is that you don’t need to live in Portugal full-time, just an average of seven days per year over five years.  While real estate investment is no longer part of the program, qualifying investments in Portuguese funds or job-creating businesses still apply. The application process can take a year or longer, and bureaucracy can be tedious in Portugal, but many people complete it with the help of a lawyer or by following official guidance closely. Once granted, you’re a Portuguese citizen for life, even if you leave the country. Citizenship for Children Born in Portugal Children born in Portugal to foreign parents may be eligible for citizenship if at least one parent has legally resided in the country for one year or more. This is a progressive policy compared to other EU countries. Citizenship is not automatic at birth, but it can be claimed quickly and easily after birth registration. This rule has encouraged many immigrant families to settle long-term, knowing that their children will have a secure future as full EU citizens. Citizenship for Sephardic Jewish Descendants Portugal’s historic law granting citizenship to descendants of Sephardic Jews, whose ancestors were expelled during the Inquisition, was one of the most generous in Europe. Applicants had to prove Jewish heritage and a connection to Portuguese culture or community. However, as of recent legal updates (2022 onward), the process now includes tighter conditions: You must show ancestry and a lasting connection to Portugal, such as property ownership or frequent visitation. A recommendation letter from a recognized Portuguese Jewish community is still required. While the window hasn’t closed entirely, the government has made clear that applications going forward will face more scrutiny. Still, this remains a viable option for those with documented heritage. How Hard Is It to Get Citizenship in Portugal? Compared to many other countries in the EU, Portugal makes it relatively straightforward to obtain citizenship, especially if you’ve lived in the country legally and consistently. But “straightforward” doesn’t mean fast, and it doesn’t mean effortless.  You’ll still be dealing with paperwork, waiting times, and government processes that can feel frustrating. The biggest hurdles are usually: Time You need to legally reside in Portugal for five years (a new bill has been proposed that could increase it to 10 years for most cases) before applying. That means keeping your residency permit valid and up to date the entire time. If you're on a Golden Visa, “residency” doesn’t mean full-time living. The law only requires you to spend an average of seven days per year in Portugal over those five years. As long as you maintain your investment and meet the minimum stay, it still counts toward eligibility for dual citizenship in Portugal. Language You’ll need to pass a basic Portuguese language test (A2 level), which requires some studying, especially if you haven’t picked it up naturally while living here. Documentation The application process involves gathering official documents from both Portugal and your home country, many of which need to be apostilled, translated, and notarized. Missing one piece can cause delays. Waiting Processing times for citizenship applications can stretch beyond a year. Some people hear back in 8-10 months, while others wait 18 months or more, depending on the workload at the local registry office and how clean their paperwork is. But, there is no vague or impossible criteria. There’s no requirement to prove cultural integration so far (although it has been proposed in the new bill) beyond the language test. No need to pass interviews. No arbitrary denials if you meet the criteria. The rules are clear, and the system is relatively consistent. What Is the New Citizenship Law in Portugal? While updates in 2023 streamlined certain aspects, a government proposal from June 2025 could significantly reshape the path to dual citizenship in Portugal. Here's where things stand: Key Changes Already in Place Residency requirement reduced from 6 to 5 years (as of 2023) - good news for naturalisation applicants. Golden Visa still counts: Investors only need to spend an average of seven days per year in Portugal during the qualifying period. Standardised A2-level language test and clearer cultural integration guidelines. New Proposal Raises Residency to 10 Years On June 23, 2025, the government introduced a draft law to increase the residency requirement from five to ten years for most foreign applicants, with some exceptions: Non‑CPLP nationals (e.g., U.S., Canada, India, Ukraine) would need 10 years of legal residence. CPLP nationals (Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, etc.) would require 7 years The proposal also adds stricter requirements: A cultural integration exam to demonstrate knowledge of Portuguese rights, duties, and history. Mandatory declaration of support for democratic principles. Citizenship could be revoked for serious crimes. The Sephardic route may face tighter scrutiny or potential restrictions  This proposal must pass through Parliament and receive final approval before becoming law. Impact on Golden Visa Applicants Under current law, Golden Visa applicants only need to spend an average of 7 days per year in Portugal to meet the residency requirement. The new proposal would not affect Golden Visa holders, as their qualifying residency is defined by investment, not physical presence. However, the overall citizenship timeline could shift dramatically if passed If you're part of the Golden Visa program and applying soon, your application will be governed by the rules in effect at the time of submission. After that, any new applications would fall under the updated (longer) timelines. Where Things Stand Today Nothing has changed yet; these proposals are still pending parliamentary approval. Current applicants and existing Golden Visa holders won’t be affected retroactively. But new applications after the law’s enactment would follow the updated timeline. What You Should Do Already in the process? Continue as planned under the current 5-year framework. Considering the Golden Visa now? It’s wise to apply before any new law takes effect to benefit from the shorter timeline. Planning long term, especially if you're not CPLP‑national: brace for a potential 10-year wait and begin preparing, language, integration evidence, and documentation, so you’re ready when it’s time to apply. Portuguese Dual Citizenship vs. Permanent Residency: Which Suits You Better? If you’ve been living in Portugal for a while, you’ve probably heard the argument: why go through the trouble of applying for citizenship when permanent residency already gives you most of what you need?  Let’s break it down. FeaturePermanent ResidencyPortuguese Dual CitizenshipDurationRenewable every 5 yearsPermanent, for lifeVoting rightsNoYes, local, national, and EU electionsPortuguese passportNoYes, full EU travel & work accessRight to live in other EU countriesNoYesPublic jobs & full political rightsNoYesDeportation riskPossible (in rare, serious cases)NoneResidency requirementsMust live in Portugal most of the timeNone once you're a citizenInheritance to childrenNot automaticCitizenship can be passed down automatically Why It Matters Permanent residency lets you live and work in Portugal, buy property, access healthcare, and renew your permit every few years, so for many people, it’s “good enough.” But it’s also a status that can be taken away if you fail to meet requirements like physical presence or legal renewals. Citizenship is permanent. It cannot be revoked unless acquired fraudulently. You can live abroad for years and still return at any time with full rights. You can vote, travel freely across the EU, and pass citizenship on to your children automatically. Let’s say you’ve lived in Portugal for over five years, have a stable setup, but occasionally spend long stretches abroad for work. A permanent residence permit might not survive long absences. Applying for dual citizenship in Portugal ensures you never lose your legal footing, no matter how global your lifestyle gets. Tax Implications of Holding Dual Citizenship in Portugal Getting dual citizenship in Portugal doesn’t automatically mean you owe more taxes. What matters is whether you’re a tax resident, not just a citizen. Portugal taxes people based on where they live, not what passport they have. So, if you spend more than 183 days a year in Portugal, or it’s clearly your main home, then you’re a tax resident. If you’re not living there most of the year, Portugal likely won’t tax you at all. For people who do become tax residents, Portugal used to offer the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime, which gave a bunch of tax breaks for 10 years. That program ended in 2024, and it’s been replaced with something more limited (IFICI regime).  The new system only applies to specific professionals, mostly people working in science, research, or innovation fields. If that’s not you, there’s no special treatment anymore. If you’re from the U.S., you’ll still need to file taxes back home no matter what. But Portugal and the U.S. have a tax treaty, and there are credits and exclusions to avoid double taxation. It’s not necessarily simple, but it’s manageable, especially with an accountant who understands expat taxes. Portugal's dual citizenship doesn’t automatically create new tax problems. It just gives you more flexibility. If you live in Portugal full time, you’ll pay taxes like everyone else. If you don’t, you probably won’t. And if you’re coming from a country like the U.S., you already know you’ll be filing in both places anyway. Maintaining Your Dual Citizenship in Portugal Once you’re granted dual citizenship in Portugal, it’s not something you have to constantly manage. Portuguese citizenship is for life unless it’s revoked for serious reasons like fraud during the application process. That said, there are a few things to be aware of to keep everything in good standing. Renewing Your Portuguese Passport Portuguese passports are valid for 5 years (for children) or 10 years (for adults). You can renew your passport in Portugal or at any Portuguese consulate abroad. It’s a straightforward process, and it doesn’t require proof of ongoing residency or income. Voting and Civic Duties You’ll now have the right to vote in local and national elections. You’re not required to, but if you’re living in Portugal, it makes sense to register and have a say. If you live abroad, you can vote from wherever you are, just make sure your voter registration is updated. There’s no military service requirement, and Portugal doesn’t have civic duties like jury service for citizens living abroad. Obligations to Your Other Country Because Portugal dual citizenship is fully recognized, you can hold both nationalities without conflict, so long as your home country also allows it. That means you may still have responsibilities like: Filing taxes in your home country (especially if you're from the U.S.). Renewing your original passport. Notifying both governments if your personal info changes (name, marital status, etc.). Portugal doesn’t monitor or restrict your movements abroad, but some countries require citizens to enter and exit using their own passports. Always check both sides when traveling or updating documentation. A Quick Example Let’s say you’re a dual U.S.-Portuguese citizen living in Berlin. You can renew your Portuguese passport at the consulate in Germany, vote in EU Parliament elections, and access EU healthcare when needed. You don’t need to live in Portugal to keep any of those rights. Bitizenship Guides the Way Toward Dual Citizenship For anyone pursuing dual citizenship in Portugal, knowing the law is only part of the equation.  You also need a clear, compliant path and a team that understands how to navigate it without delays, surprises, or confusion. That’s where Bitizenship comes in. We work exclusively with clients applying through the Unbound Fund, a fully qualifying investment fund under Portugal’s current Golden Visa rules. With Golden Visa, you get Portugal residency. From that first decision to invest, we manage everything that follows and stay with you through the full residency process. After 5-10 years, you’re eligible to apply for dual citizenship in Portugal. That includes: Coordinating the fund subscription and legal structuring Handling immigration paperwork and document prep Connecting you with licensed Portuguese lawyers and tax professionals Ensuring full compliance from day one to the passport Our goal is to make sure your investment leads to long-term outcomes, namely, a Portuguese passport and all the second passport benefits that come with it: EU mobility, more freedom to live and work abroad, and greater security for your family’s future. If you’re ready to invest in alternative citizenship through Portugal, Bitizenship offers a direct, well-supported path from the first step through to the last. Final Thoughts Getting dual citizenship in Portugal can offer a way out of the uncertainty that comes with a temporary status. You stop worrying about renewing your residency every few years. You stop planning your life around visa rules. You gain the right to vote, to come and go without restrictions, and to give your kids EU citizenship without starting from scratch. If you’re willing to commit to staying legally, learning enough Portuguese to pass the test, and gathering the documents to prove your timeline there, Portugal makes it worth it. FAQs  Does Portugal allow dual citizenship with the UK? Yes. Portugal allows dual citizenship with the UK, and the UK does too. If you’re a British citizen who becomes a Portuguese citizen, you don’t have to give up your UK passport. You’ll be able to live, work, and vote in Portugal while still keeping all your UK rights. What does Portugal's dual citizenship cost? The government fee for a standard naturalization application is around €250. That doesn’t include additional costs like translations, apostilles, legal help, or getting certified copies of documents. If you use a lawyer or agency, the total cost can run anywhere from €500 to over €2,000 depending on your case. Can U.S. citizens have dual citizenship with Portugal? Yes. The U.S. government allows dual citizenship, and so does Portugal. If you’re a U.S. citizen and meet Portugal’s requirements, you can apply for citizenship without giving up your American passport. You’ll be a citizen of both countries and can travel, live, and work in the U.S. or the EU whenever you want. How does dual citizenship with Portugal affect U.S. taxes? U.S. citizens are taxed on their worldwide income, no matter where they live or how many passports they hold. So even after getting dual citizenship in Portugal, you’ll still need to file a U.S. tax return. The good news: Portugal and the U.S. have a tax treaty, and there are tools like foreign tax credits and exclusions to avoid being taxed twice. Can I get Portuguese dual citizenship through my parents? Yes. If at least one of your parents is Portuguese, you can apply for citizenship by descent. This is usually faster and easier than naturalization. You don’t need to live in Portugal or pass a language test, just prove your family connection with the right documents. How does Portuguese citizenship by descent work? You’ll need to show that your parent or grandparent was a Portuguese citizen. That usually means providing birth, marriage, and death certificates to prove the lineage. If your connection is through a grandparent, you’ll also need to demonstrate a meaningful connection to Portugal, like speaking the language, visiting regularly, or having property or community ties. What’s the process for Portuguese citizenship through the Golden Visa? If you’re a Golden Visa holder, you can apply for Portuguese dual citizenship after five years, just like anyone else. The difference is that you don’t need to live in Portugal full-time, just an average of 7 days per year. Once you meet the time requirement and submit your documents (including proof of basic Portuguese language), you can apply for citizenship through the same naturalization process.

20 MIN READ

07 Aug 2025

El Salvador vs. Portugal vs. Argentina: 50 Years from Now, Who Has the Best Passport in the World?
CitizenshipEl Salvador vs. Portugal vs. Argentina: 50 Years from Now, Who Has the Best Passport in the World? Travel back in time. It’s the early 1970s, and you’re considering where to plant your family's roots. You think to yourself: Where can I invest that will give me the best return? London? Milan? New York City? If you would have invested in those cities, sure, your investment would've grown. But you also would've missed out on the investment opportunities of a lifetime in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Dubai, which were hardly the household names they are today. Each was a speculative investment for the bold, the forward-thinking, the contrarian, and those willing to take risks on what others dismissed as “fads.” 50 years later, the investors who did make those bets are reaping unimaginable returns – financially, socially, and with the world's most powerful passports. But now I pose to you the same question about today: Where will the next wave of growth occur?In the next 50 years, which countries will be the new Singapore, Hong Kong, or Dubai? I think the answers may lie in El Salvador, Portugal, and Argentina. Before you click off the page in a rage, let me make my case. These three nations offer unique opportunities in time to secure your freedom through tax optimization, lifestyle, and visa-free mobility. Here's the case for why each country may make a great second or third citizenship in your portfolio. https://youtu.be/aixkuQ_MCbM El Salvador – The New Leader of Latin America's Rising Tide Unless you've been living under a rock the last few years, President Nayib Bukele's El Salvador is making waves. For all the right reasons – and a few negative ones too. Announced at the Bitcoin Conference in Miami, El Salvador was the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in 2021. As such, it has positioned itself as one of many de facto nomad hotspots and expat destinations, especially for Bitcoiners and crypto enthusiasts. But, that’s not the only reason El Salvador has made the news: According to official data, Bukele's administration has also flipped El Salvador's reputation 180º from the world's most dangerous country to the Western Hemisphere's safest – in a matter of years, not decades. But beyond these groundbreaking moves, the Central American country has also found its way into the limelight for some negative news. President Bukele is consistently labeled an "authoritarian", "fascist," and/or "dictator" by leading global media outlets, a title he also proudly proclaims on his social media profiles. In a rare left-leaning policy, Bukele has also floated price controls and other protectionist economic strategies to curb corporate greed despite capitalist tendencies otherwise. Regardless of what you think of Bukele, his antics, and his politics, El Salvador offers an opportunity for those looking to diversify their citizenship portfolio, live a more off-the-grid lifestyle, and expatriate from their country. If El Salvador was able to make this shift in the past decade, what will they do in the next 10 years? Lifestyle Benefits Life in El Salvador might look exactly what you expect of it. The small Central American jurisdiction of only 21,040 km² offers a tropical paradise – beautiful beaches known for some of the world's best surfing, lush rainforests capped with active volcanoes, and a warm climate year-round. While El Salvador is certainly still developing (listed as the 127th most developed economy in the world), it has the potential to become a safe haven for crypto enthusiasts and travelers seeking a second place. While it doesn't offer the most world's powerful passport (check the Henley Passport Index) or traditional first-world living like in France, South Korea, Italy, or Australia, El Salvador offers a great setup for a second residence or vacation home, particularly for those who prioritize financial freedom. And, who knows? El Salvador could become the center of Latin American growth just as Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and Hong Kong have become for MENA and Asian countries. The government’s Bitcoin-friendly stance makes it a haven for investors in decentralized assets away from the watchful eye of traditional globalist banking systems. More on this in the tax section below. Global Mobility and Passport Strength When it comes to global mobility, El Salvador's passport is not yet in the top tier. Ranked 73rd on the Henley Passport Index, it still provides access to over 135 travel destinations visa-free, including the Schengen Zone, Ireland, Hong Kong, Russia, and top-ranked Singapore. This access makes it a relatively strong option for visa-free travel (or visa on arrival), especially if you're coming from a country with an even weaker passport. However, it doesn’t quite compete with Portugal's or Argentina's travel documents in this regard. But, as is the way of the world – As El Salvador becomes even safer and more respected on a global level, other countries will rethink their prior visa requirements and open their country visa-free to Salvadorans. However, for the Bitcoin HODLer who’s looking for financial freedom and a low-tax jurisdiction, the strength of El Salvador’s passport may not be the primary appeal. Instead, its forward-thinking approach to crypto taxation and business opportunities makes it a really attractive destination. Tax Advantages El Salvador offers one of the most attractive tax regimes in the world – for Bitcoiners and “normies” alike. Bukele's administration has made strides to reduce the number and severity of their personal and corporate income tax in order to incentivize migration to the country. El Salvador operates a territorial tax system, meaning they only tax income sourced locally in the country. And from a corporate standpoint, Bukele's government introduced a law to reduce corporate tax to zero for companies dedicated to artificial intelligence, computer programming, engineering, manufacturing, and other similar areas. While there’s no concrete regulation yet, Bukele has referenced elimination of personal income taxes and capital gains taxes for huge swaths of the population. Keep your eye out for more news on this. Why Choose El Salvador? For those looking to maintain their crypto wealth while enjoying a tropical paradise, El Salvador might just be the next big thing. It's the longest of long shots on this list, much like top-ranked Singapore was in the '70s, but with enough potential to justify the risk. Their progress in the last decade has been nothing short of astounding. Let's hope they can continue the general trend and progress toward becoming a top destination and passport of years to come. Portugal – Home to Europe's Hottest Golden Visa If El Salvador is the wild bet, then Portugal is the safe, calculated investment.  Consistently ranked among the best places to live in Europe (Expat Insider ranks it #7 in the world), Portugal offers a near-perfect blend of modern infrastructure and amenities, a mouthwatering food and wine scene, high quality of life, a visa-free destination score of almost 180 (that's really good), and potentially favourable tax benefits for foreigners. For anyone looking to plant roots in European countries, this is the ultimate destination. Lifestyle Benefits Portugal is the jewel of Southern Europe with incredible infrastructure, world-class healthcare, stunning coastlines, and a warm Mediterranean climate. In fact, Portugal receives more than 300 days of sunshine a year, more than the majority of its Northern neighbours. Whether you’re considering Lisbon, the cosmopolitan capital, the tranquil countryside of the Algarve, or the tropical island of Madeira, Portugal offers something for everyone. But, regardless of where you'd live in Portugal, you're within proximity to – well, wherever you want to go. With 35 million visitors every year, the Lisbon airport is among Europe's busiest and most connected international hubs with easy access to major European destinations travelers desire like the UK, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. Global Mobility and Passport Strength Portugal’s passport is consistently ranked among the most powerful passports in the world. According to the Henley Passport Index, Portuguese passport holders enjoy visa-free access to over 180 countries, including the United States, Canada, and most of Europe. This level of global mobility makes Portugal one of the best investment options for those who value mobility (i.e visa-free access to much of the world) and travel freedom. Especially if an investor has a current nationality with access to fewer destinations visa-free, the Portuguese passport is quite attractive. With a minimum investment of just €250,000, the golden visa's route to citizenship in just five years with minimal physical presence requirements makes it one of the most accessible passports in the European Union. And if you're not already familiar with how useful citizenship in the 27-member European Union settlement bloc is, here are a few benefits: Travel visa-free to any member state Reside in any member state Work in any member state Study in any member state Access healthcare in any member state With just one European Union passport, you essentially get access to all of them. Very few people in the world, including US passport holders, can say that about their travel documents. (If you're interested in investing in Portugal, getting exposure to Bitcoin, and acquiring citizenship in the European Union after just five years of minimal physical presence in Portugal, the Bitizenship fund can help.) Tax Benefits The Portuguese government’s Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) tax regime, which may be reintroduced after it was eliminated in 2023, offered one of the most attractive tax environments in Europe. Under this regime, foreign residents in Portugal enjoyed zero tax on foreign-sourced income, including capital gains from Bitcoin, for up to 10 years.  The current government is discussing the possible return of NHR, a development we're closely following as enthusiasts of Portuguese economic growth and of the golden visa program. Not only is Portugal home to several tech-forward crypto brands and annual industry conferences. The government does not tax crypto capital gains if it's held for more than 365 days. These two factors make life in Portugal quite attractive for crypto investors, builders, and businesses. Why Choose Portugal? For investors seeking residency rights in Europe with the added benefit of one of the world's most powerful passports, Portugal may be a winner. And, with Bitizenship’s indirect Bitcoin investment option, the golden visa is a safe bet on your financial future and quality of life. Argentina – South America's High-Risk, High-Reward Play Argentina might seem like an odd inclusion in this lineup, given its history (nearly a century) of economic instability and political turmoil. However, it's an interesting case study. Javier Milei, a rambunctious libertarian and economist, won the presidency in 2023 and has proclaimed the end of economic misery and hopeful return to Argentina's once-dominant past are near. If you're seeking a high return on investment or a quick path to a second passport, Argentina may be a solid future home. Lifestyle Benefits Tucked in one of the world's farthest travel destinations in the Southern Cone, Argentina is a country of extremes – incredible natural beauty, a vibrant culture that differs wildly from many of its South American neighbors, but a turbulent economy. Called the Paris of South America, Buenos Aires offers a “European” lifestyle at a fraction of the cost. Just look at its architecture for clues. The country’s diverse landscapes include everything from the snow-capped Andes to the sprawling vineyards of Mendoza. Argentina's food and wine scene, dominated by meat and malbec, is unique. Global Mobility and Passport Strength For most investors and entrepreneurs, Argentina won’t be a full-time living option unless they choose the bustling capital of Buenos Aires as a base. Instead, it’s a country where you can establish temporary residency just long enough to secure citizenship and then enjoy the benefits of a South American passport – a strong one at that – while continuing to live elsewhere. Interestingly enough, temporary residents can qualify for citizenship after just two years of residency while a permanent residency permit must wait three years. The Argentinian passport is surprisingly strong, offering access visa-free (or visa on arrival) to about 170 countries, including all of South and Central America, the Schengen Area, the UK, and Russia. According to the Henley Passport Index, Argentina's passport ranks 14th in the world. Latin America's strongest, this powerful passport rivals many European giants like the UK in terms of visa-free access. Argentine passport holders have far more access visa-free around the world than most would expect. The travel document comes just a few destinations short of top passports like Portugal and Singapore. (While Argentine law prohibits renunciation of citizenship, we’ve heard rumblings that this is not a practical concern in reality.) For those looking for greater travel freedom without having to spend a decade naturalizing in a nation, Argentina offers a quick path to citizenship and South America's most powerful passport. Argentine citizens may even witness a significant increase in passport strength if Milei's ambitions come true. Tax Benefits While Austrian economist Milei has proven himself to be pro-Bitcoin in the past two decades, he's yet to announce significant policy to push forward the movement in Argentina since he was elected. He has launched dollarization policies but none that offer any room for Bitcoin as legal tender. Argentina is not known for its tax-friendly policy. However, under President Milei, that may change. Since taking power, he has announced significant tax cuts in the form of reduced personal income taxes, import and export taxes, and corporate taxes. As Milei attempts to show the benefits of a more globalist economic approach in a notoriously protectionist country, hopefully a lot of his policies see the light of day and remain for decades to come. This may bode well for those seeking a life in Argentina. Why Choose Argentina? Argentina is a classic case of high risk, high reward. Despite our best guesses and hopes, no one really knows where the South American nation is heading. As Milei has said, it will get worse before it gets better. But, what did Buffett say? “Be fearful when others are greedy. Be greedy when others are fearful.” So, while the volatile economy presents challenges, for those willing to take the risk, it offers opportunity as well in the form of a quick, easy path to citizenship and one of the world's most undervalued passports. Who Wins: El Salvador, Portugal, or Argentina? So, where should you invest your time and resources? First of all, the passport index concept that I've shared throughout this post is just a proxy for passport strength. Mobility is subjective, and the world's passports differ on far more than just visa-free access. If you're from Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, or Japan, a second passport with less visa-free access doesn't excite you as much as it would someone from Syria, whose passport holders have access to the fewest destinations visa-free in the world. So, the answer to that question, of course, depends on your goals and your current situation: Is visa-free destination score even important to you?Or, do you want to reduce your taxes from more than 50% to single digit percentages?Or, do you prefer access to banking and financial opportunities you don't currently have in your home country? One thing is certain – The following countries are poised for immense growth in the next century if they follow their current growth trajectory and an optimist's best case scenario. Regardless of their current strength, each passport will likely be far stronger in the future. El Salvador is the crypto-forward nation, ideal for those prioritizing financial freedom and low taxes on digital assets. Its passport may not be the most powerful, but its embrace of Bitcoin and future-oriented policies make it a bold choice for Bitcoiners. If you're looking for a tropical vibe where the government is less organized and provides lots of opportunities, El Salvador may be your bet for the future. Portugal offers the best blend of lifestyle benefits, global mobility, and tax advantages. Its passport is among the strongest in the world, and the potential return of its NHR tax regime could save you significant amounts in income tax. For those who value safety, infrastructure, and easy access to top travelers' destinations, Portugal is the clear winner. Argentina is for those looking for a quick and easy second citizenship without long-term residency requirements. While it’s a higher-risk play (but not as high-risk as El Salvador), Argentina’s passport is already surprisingly strong. So it may be a “watch-and-see”-type play if you can get Argentine citizenship then return when things improve. If the last five years are any indication, we'll likely see even more countries join this list of bets for the future. The rise of travel freedom and tourism, cryptocurrency, and decentralization has shifted global citizens' priorities. Just as Bitcoin has freed wealth from centralized control, a second passport in the world frees you from the limitations of a single authority and government. Let's say you can't choose any of the countries listed in this article. Where would you put your money? Who's going to surprise everyone and become the next Singapore, Hong Kong, or United Arab Emirates?

15 MIN READ

24 Oct 2024

Join us.
Welcome to a global community.

FAQ

(3)

Yes, we coordinate with trusted law firms and advisors to streamline the entire process for you.

Visit the official Unbound Fund website for detailed insights into Unbound Fund.

We focus exclusively on Portugal’s program, offering unmatched flexibility and strategic advantages.

View More